The Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus model revolutionized the way blockchain networks operate. Abandoning the energy-intensive logic of Proof of Work (PoW), PoS allows transactions to be validated more sustainably, based on the economic commitment of participants.

One of the central aspects contributing to this change is the figure of the so-called validators, who are central pieces. Understanding how they work is essential for any investor or enthusiast in the crypto universe.

In this article, we will tell you about what a validator is, how to become one, and some other details that make a difference for you, who are already navigating the waters of crypto oceans.

What does a validator do?

In networks that operate on Proof of Stake, validators replace the role of traditional miners. Their main function is to verify, approve, and record transactions in new blocks of the blockchain. To do this, they need to commit a certain amount of native tokens from the network — a process known as staking.

The choice of who will validate a block is made randomly but weighted: the more tokens staked, the greater the chances of being selected. This logic helps keep the network secure, as validators have 'something to lose' if they try to manipulate the system or behave dishonestly.

How to become a validator?

The process varies between blockchains, but generally involves:

  • Locking a minimum number of tokens, such as the 32 ETH required in Ethereum;

  • Running a personal node, with reliable hardware and stable internet connection;

  • Maintaining uptime and constant performance to avoid penalties.

In smaller networks or with more open systems, requirements may be lower, which democratizes access to the role of validator. But in practice, operating a node efficiently requires technical knowledge and constant vigilance.

Those who do not want or cannot assume this technical role can resort to delegated stakings or validation pools. In these modalities, the user lends their tokens to a trusted validator, sharing the rewards (and risks).

It's important to clarify that, to be a validator, regardless of whether the action is direct or indirect, there must be a commitment of personal resources. Those who validate, as financial market professionals often say, necessarily have 'skin in the game.'

What are the incentives for validators?

The financial motivation is clear: validators are rewarded with new tokens and with transaction fees collected during the validation of blocks. In blockchains like Ethereum, there are also opportunities for MEV (Maximal Extractable Value), which allow increasing earnings by strategically reorganizing transactions.

Rewards vary according to network activity, the number of active validators, and the monetary policy of the project. In general, validating blocks regularly and maintaining good technical performance ensures a continuous and scalable return.

The more active, relevant, and present the participation in the network is, the greater the incentive granted by this network to its validators.

The risks of being a validator

Despite the benefits, the role of a validator is not without risks. The main one is called slashing — a financial penalty imposed on validators who act maliciously or make serious mistakes. This can include:

  • Signing two conflicting blocks (double-signing);

  • Going offline or operating with low performance;

  • Violating the network's consensus rules.

In addition, validators need to deal with operational costs (infrastructure, maintenance, security) and the risks of cyberattacks — especially if they manage large amounts of tokens.

Those who delegate tokens to a validator also assume part of the risk: if the operator is penalized, the delegator may lose part of their earnings or even part of the staked tokens.

PoS vs PoW: what changes in practice?

The main difference between Proof of Stake and Proof of Work lies in how consensus is achieved in the network. In PoW (originally used in Bitcoin), miners compete to solve complex mathematical problems — a process that consumes large amounts of energy.

In PoS, the right to validate blocks is based on economic participation (stake), which eliminates excessive energy consumption and lowers entry barriers. It is no longer necessary to invest in expensive equipment: a computer with a good connection may be sufficient to get started.

Another differentiator is economic security. In PoS, to attack the network, it would be necessary to buy or control a large portion of the tokens — which makes the attack financially unfeasible. Additionally, slashing mechanisms act as additional deterrents.

Alternative models and innovations in PoS

With the evolution of the ecosystem, variations of PoS have emerged to meet different needs:

  • Delegated PoS (DPoS): users elect validators through voting, as in TRON and EOS networks;

  • Nominated PoS (NPoS): present in projects like Polkadot, where nominators choose trusted validators;

  • Liquid PoS (LPoS): used by Tezos, allows more flexibility and mobility of stake.

These models balance decentralization, speed, and community governance in distinct ways, but all revolve around the same logic: using the stake as proof of reliability.

Validators are driving a revolution within another

Validators are pillars of the functioning of Proof of Stake networks. More than simple technical operators, they represent the trust of the community, keep the network secure, and are rewarded proportionally to their participation.

Taking on this role requires technical preparation, responsibility, and strategy — but it also opens doors to relevant rewards, especially in high-volume networks.

For the investor with intermediate knowledge, understanding how validators work is essential, whether to participate directly or to make more informed decisions when delegating their assets. After all, the security and proper functioning of the entire ecosystem depend directly on them.

And you, are you thinking of becoming a validator?

#Validators #Pos #ProofOfStake #blockchain

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