The politicization of senior positions in the Federal Reserve System (Fed) is intensifying.
Key Facts Review: • Michelle Bowman was confirmed as Vice Chair of the Fed, responsible for bank supervision, by a narrow Senate vote of 48 to 46. • This close 'partisan line' voting outcome is very rare, indicating high levels of politicization. • Comparing historical cases: • Michael Barr was confirmed in 2022 with a vote of 66 to 28. • Randal Quarles was confirmed in 2017 with a vote of 65 to 32. These results indicate that in the past, Fed positions often received bipartisan support.
⸻
Trend Analysis: 1. Increasing partisan divisions:
• The Fed was once viewed as a relatively neutral and technical institution, but in recent years, significant divisions have emerged between the two parties regarding its positions on financial regulation, monetary policy, bank regulatory reform, and more.
• In particular, the position of Vice Chair for Bank Supervision holds practical influence—supervising bank capital, stress tests, etc.—making it a potential political focal point. 2. Policy orientations spark controversy:
• Democrats tend to support stricter regulations (emphasizing financial stability and consumer protection).
• Republicans are more likely to advocate for regulatory easing to promote growth in the banking sector and liquidity in credit.
• If Bowman is seen as leaning towards the Republican 'deregulation faction,' then the opposition from Democratic lawmakers is not surprising.
3. Challenges to the Fed's independence:
• The independence of the Fed is crucial for its implementation of monetary and regulatory policies, but the politicization of the appointment process may undermine market confidence in its neutrality.
⸻
Conclusion:
Michelle Bowman's appointment process marks a trend of increasing 'politicization' of senior Fed positions, reflecting profound divisions between the two parties on the direction of financial regulatory policy. If this phenomenon continues to develop, it could have long-term effects on the governance structure of the Fed, its policy effectiveness, and public trust in it.
According to Bloomberg, Circle Internet Group and some of its shareholders have set the IPO issue price at $31 per share, raising nearly $1.1 billion, higher than the previous issue price range of $27 to $28 per share. This pricing implies a market value of approximately $6.9 billion for the company, with a fully diluted valuation of about $8.1 billion.
J.P. Morgan is preparing to accept cryptocurrency-related assets, including BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin Trust, as collateral for loans for some clients, which is indeed a significant signal.
This move indicates:
Mainstream financial institutions are showing a noticeable increase in their acceptance of crypto assets, especially after the SEC approved the listing of ETF products;
Bitcoin ETFs are gradually being treated on par with traditional financial assets, opening the door for their further integration into the banking credit system;
A subtle shift in regulatory attitude (especially following the Biden administration's adjustments in policy) is paving the way for the institutionalization of crypto assets.
Possible implications moving forward:
More institutional banks may follow J.P. Morgan's lead by accepting standardized crypto products like Bitcoin ETFs as collateral;
Increased liquidity of crypto assets, which may facilitate deeper integration with traditional financial markets;
For individual and institutional investors holding Bitcoin ETFs, the 'financing value' of their assets will significantly increase;
This may also drive the expansion of the crypto ETF market size and accelerate capital inflows.
The U.S. Senate officially confirmed Michelle Bowman as the Vice Chair for Supervision of the Federal Reserve Board on June 4, 2025. She will succeed Michael Barr, who resigned earlier this year, for a term of four years.
Bowman has been a Federal Reserve Governor since 2018 and is the first Governor to represent the interests of community banks. She previously served as the Kansas Bank Commissioner and held senior positions at the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Department of Homeland Security. Her regulatory philosophy emphasizes "tailored" regulatory measures, advocating for adjustments to regulatory requirements based on the size and risk profile of banks, and opposing one-size-fits-all capital requirements.
Her appointment has received widespread support from the financial industry. American Bankers Association (ABA) President Rob Nichols stated, "Governor Bowman’s commitment to regulatory work and her extensive experience in federal and state regulatory agencies, as well as community banks, give her deep insight into the real-world impact of banking regulation on the economy and consumers."
At the Senate confirmation hearing, Bowman pledged to work towards increasing transparency and accountability in regulation, emphasizing the need to develop policies in an open, prudent, and cautious manner. She stated, "If I am confirmed as Vice Chair for Supervision, I will be steadfastly committed to these values."
Bowman's appointment signifies a potential shift in the Federal Reserve’s regulatory policy from the stringent oversight of her predecessor Barr to a more lenient and flexible approach, particularly concerning capital requirements and bank innovation. Her regulatory philosophy may have a positive impact on small and medium-sized banks and fintech companies.
The "One Big Beautiful Bill" is a comprehensive tax and spending reform proposal put forward by former U.S. President Donald Trump, aimed at stimulating economic growth through significant tax cuts and policy adjustments.
Supporters' Views
According to information released by the White House, the bill is promoted as "beneficial for families," with key arguments including:
Significant Tax Cuts: The average tax burden for the middle class is reduced by about 15%, with families earning between $30,000 and $80,000 receiving about $5,000 in tax relief.
Tax Exemptions: Implementing tax exemptions for tips in the service industry, overtime pay, Social Security income, etc., particularly benefiting occupations such as nurses and police.
Child Tax Credit (CTC): Increasing the CTC from $2,000 to $2,500 per child, indexed to inflation.
Family Savings Accounts: Establishing "MAGI Accounts," providing a $1,000 initial savings fund for each newborn to encourage family financial management.
Border Security: Allocating $70 billion for border security, including measures such as building a border wall and increasing law enforcement personnel.
Healthcare and Education Reform: Adjustments to Medicaid and education funding aimed at improving efficiency and fairness.
Critics' Views
Increased Fiscal Deficit: The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the bill will increase the federal deficit by $2.4 trillion over the next decade.
Cuts to Social Welfare: Reductions in Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) are expected to lead to millions losing health insurance and food assistance.
Child Tax Credit Restrictions: New regulations require both parents to have Social Security Numbers (SSN) to apply for the CTC, which may disqualify millions of American citizen children due to parental identity issues.
Wealthy Benefiting More: Raising the state and local tax deduction limit (SALT) to $40,000, primarily benefiting high-income families.
Environmental Policy Rollback: Repealing green energy incentives from the Biden administration and shifting support to fossil fuel projects.
Controversial Provisions: Including restrictions on tax exemptions for non-profit organizations and a pause on AI regulation.
Conclusion
Although the "Beautiful Bill" passed the House by a narrow margin, it faces significant resistance in the Senate, including opposition from some Republican members, and the final fate of the bill remains uncertain. #BTC
Recently, Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong warned in a post on social platform X that if the U.S. Congress does not control the growing national debt, Bitcoin may replace the dollar as the global reserve currency. He stated, "I love Bitcoin, but a strong America is equally important to the world. We need to control our finances."
Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk retweeted Armstrong's post and replied with an American flag emoji, expressing his agreement with Armstrong's viewpoint.
Currently, the U.S. national debt has exceeded $36.9 trillion, raising concerns about the long-term dominance of the dollar. Armstrong's comments emphasize that a lack of fiscal discipline could lead to a decline in global trust in the dollar, thereby accelerating the shift towards decentralized alternatives. Musk also criticized government overspending, stating that current fiscal policies could lead to bankruptcy for the United States.
The Blockchain Group in France will hold its annual general meeting on June 10, 2025, and plans to seek shareholder approval to raise 10 billion euros to accelerate its Bitcoin financial strategy.
The Blockchain Group is a publicly listed company headquartered in Puteaux, France, established in 2008, with the stock code ALTBG.PA, listed on the Euronext Growth Paris. The company focuses on the development and promotion of blockchain technology, with services covering data intelligence, artificial intelligence (AI), and decentralized technology development and consulting.
Starting from November 5, 2024, The Blockchain Group launched the Bitcoin Treasury Company strategy, aiming to hold Bitcoin as a strategic reserve asset for the long term by utilizing the company's surplus cash and appropriate financing instruments. The goal of this strategy is to increase the number of Bitcoins per share over time.
As of June 3, 2025, the company has accumulated a total of 1,471 Bitcoins, with a total cost of approximately 150.7 million euros, and an average purchase cost of about 102,507 USD per Bitcoin.
This is not just a purchase but a public declaration of European companies' financial sovereignty over Bitcoin.
The final value of the S&P Global Services PMI at 53.7 indicates that the service industry overall remains in an expansionary range, above expectations.
However, the ISM Non-Manufacturing PMI has fallen to 49.9, below the neutral line of 50, indicating a contraction in another sample of service businesses.
The inventory index has decreased to 49.7, showing that companies are beginning to actively reduce inventories, reflecting concerns about future demand.
This indicates that while large enterprises or the financial technology services sector are performing well, traditional service industries such as retail, dining, and logistics are facing pressure. It may also be that small businesses are the first to feel the impact of weakened demand and rising costs.
Companies are passing cost pressures onto consumers.
A survey by the New York Fed shows that about 75% of manufacturing and service businesses have partially passed on tariff costs.
Among them, about one-third of manufacturing firms and 45% of service businesses have fully passed on tariff costs to customers.
This indicates that when faced with rising upstream input costs, companies choose to raise prices to maintain profits.
It also means that consumers are directly bearing the consequences of policy friction, contributing to the stickiness of service-related inflation.
Three Pillars of Liquidity in the Digital Asset Market: Market Makers, Stablecoins, and Trading Efficiency
In the cryptocurrency market, trading liquidity determines whether assets can be traded quickly and stably, serving as a core indicator of market activity and maturity. Liquidity primarily relies on two key supports: the market maker mechanism and stablecoin tools.
1. Trading Liquidity: The Core of Market Vitality
High trading liquidity means smaller bid-ask spreads, faster transaction speeds, and lower price volatility. Good liquidity aids price discovery and risk management, forming the foundation of any mature trading market.
2. Market Makers: Providers of Liquidity
Market Makers inject depth and vitality into the market by continuously providing buy and sell quotes. • In centralized exchanges (CEX), market makers employ algorithmic strategies to profit from the bid-ask spread; • In decentralized exchanges (DEX), automated market makers (like Uniswap) use liquidity pool mechanisms to facilitate trades.
They alleviate issues such as inactive order books and severe price fluctuations, making them indispensable drivers of liquidity.
⸻
3. Stablecoins: The 'Hard Currency' of Liquidity
Stablecoins (like USDT, USDC) provide on-chain 'dollar' functionality, becoming the pricing unit and circulation tool for major trading pairs.
Their roles include: • Reducing the impact of price volatility on traders; • Serving as an important component of market-making capital; • Supporting asset flow across platforms and chains.
The proliferation of stablecoins makes market trading more efficient and transparent.
4. Synergy Among the Three: Building an Efficient Market
A linkage mechanism forms among the three: • Market makers quote in stablecoins, enhancing liquidity; • Stablecoins increase market depth, attracting more market-making activity; • High liquidity, in turn, enhances market attractiveness, fostering a virtuous cycle.
Summary
Trading Liquidity = Market Maker Mechanism + Stablecoin Support + Effective Market Structure. With the combined effect of these three, the digital asset market is evolving towards a more stable, efficient, and regulated direction.
Bitcoin spot ETF net inflow reached $378 million yesterday, ARKB and FBTC lead
According to SoSoValue data, as of June 3, Eastern Time, the total net inflow of Bitcoin spot ETFs reached $378 million. Among them, ARK Invest and 21Shares' ARKB had a net inflow of $140 million, and Fidelity's FBTC had a net inflow of $137 million.
As of now, the total net assets of Bitcoin spot ETFs are $128.13 billion, accounting for 6.1% of Bitcoin's total market value. The historical cumulative net inflow has reached $44.48 billion.
Is Solv's foray into RWA a gimmick, a trend, or a key step in the financialization of Bitcoin?
As a leader in the BTC space, Solv has recently vigorously promoted its RWA (real-world assets) layout, releasing multiple important developments. These highlights indicate that Solv is attempting to link Bitcoin earnings with real asset earnings through innovative structured financial products, advancing the financialization of Bitcoin. This article combines Solv's latest developments and focuses on comparing it with current leading projects in the RWA field to help traders rationally view this emerging track. 1. Core highlights and advantages of Solv Solv's recent actions include becoming the exclusive partner for Bitcoin earnings on Binance Earn, launching the first Sharia-compliant Bitcoin earnings product, collaborating with Solana to release $3 billion in BTC liquidity, and working with Avalanche, BlackRock, and Hamilton Lane to launch the first RWA Bitcoin earnings product. Additionally, Solv plans to issue on-chain Bitcoin reserves and create an on-chain version of the MicroStrategy treasury.
Circle IPO Today Pricing Subscription Demand Strong
Stablecoin issuer Circle Internet Group will determine the final pricing of its initial public offering (IPO) today. According to sources, this IPO has garnered significant market attention, with subscription demand far exceeding the total issuance.
BlackRock plans to subscribe for approximately 10% of the issued shares, demonstrating its long-term confidence in the stablecoin market. Additionally, Ark Invest has expressed interest in subscribing for shares worth $150 million.
Circle is the issuer of the USDC stablecoin, and currently, over 90% of USDC's reserves are held in government money market funds managed by BlackRock. This arrangement enhances the transparency and compliance of its asset backing.
This IPO is viewed as an important step for the stablecoin industry into mainstream capital markets and reflects the growing interest of institutional investors in crypto financial infrastructure.
The Stablecoin Revolution: Cutting Out the 'Intermediary Tax' on Cross-Border Payments to Start a True Financial Internet Era
Author: Chris Dixon (Partner at a16z)
In today's world where information can circulate globally in an instant, the transfer of funds remains complex and costly. This is exactly the problem stablecoins aim to solve. Problems with the current financial system Today's global payment network is like an outdated patchwork, where each cross-border payment may need to go through five to six intermediaries, including issuing banks, acquiring banks, foreign exchange platforms, etc. Each stage incurs fees, making transactions not only expensive but also slow. Traditional cross-border remittance fees can reach 10%, which acts like a 'regressive tax' on the world's poorest labor groups, suffocating them.
H100 Group Secures Investment Commitment of Up to $27.7 Million from Adam Back, to be Used for Bitcoin Acquisition and Digital Health Infrastructure Development
According to the latest news, H100 Group has announced that it has received a significant investment commitment from Blockstream CEO and early Bitcoin developer Adam Back. The first round of funding amounts to 21 million Swedish Krona (approximately $2.1 million), with additional phased investment rights, bringing the total to a maximum of 128 million Swedish Krona (approximately $12.8 million). If all investments are realized, the total amount raised by H100 Group will reach 277 million Swedish Krona (approximately $27.7 million).
H100 Group stated that the funds will mainly be used for two purposes: firstly, to expand its Bitcoin reserve and acquisition plans, and secondly, to continue building its core business direction—digital health infrastructure supported by decentralized technology.
The group is committed to creating the next-generation digital health network that combines artificial intelligence, blockchain, and data sovereignty, building a more private, secure, and scalable healthcare ecosystem. The support from Adam Back signifies that its project has gained recognition from important figures within the Bitcoin community.
Industry insiders analyze that Adam Back's investment not only acknowledges H100's business model but may also reflect his expectations for the future application scenarios of Bitcoin in the health technology and digital sovereignty fields. As Bitcoin gradually expands from a purely financial asset to a foundational support for more industries, similar projects may receive increased attention.
According to Blockworks, citing two informed sources, pump.fun is planning a token sale of up to $1 billion at a fully diluted valuation (FDV) of $4 billion! This indicates an ambitious Web3 project attempting to raise funds through the primary market of tokens, aiming to join the ranks of "super players" in the crypto space.
It is reported that the tokens will be issued simultaneously to the public market and private investors, though the project team has not yet determined whether the tokens will be listed on the pump.fun platform or if they will choose another Launchpad, which may officially launch in the next two weeks.
According to the latest disclosure, the official documents of the social platform Truth Social, owned by U.S. President Donald Trump, mention Bitcoin ETF and its future potential for the first time, sparking heated discussions in the market. #特朗普媒体科技集团比特币财库
Contentos (COS) is a blockchain-based decentralized content ecosystem aimed at providing content creators with a fair, transparent, and secure platform to better manage and distribute their content. 
Project Overview • Project Name: Contentos (COS) • Founder: Mick Tsai • Goal: To build a decentralized global digital content ecosystem that enables the free production, distribution, incentivization, and trading of digital content, encourages content innovation and diversification, and grants value and rights to users. • Funding Status: Raised approximately $31 million through private token sales.   
Technical Features • Consensus Mechanism: Uses a self-adaptive Byzantine Fault Tolerance mechanism (saBFT) to achieve rapid consensus. • Content Copyright Management: Ensures the reliability of content copyright and provenance through blockchain-based smart contracts. • Token Functions: The COS token has various important functions within the Contentos platform, including user rewards, buying and selling digital assets, and paying fees required for executing smart contracts, etc.  
Contentos (COS) is committed to building a decentralized content ecosystem that provides content creators with more freedom and incentives. Although the current price of COS has significantly retreated from its historical peak, it has certain growth potential in the future with the platform's development and an increase in users. 
The most comprehensive in 25 years! The U.S. budget deficit has entered the 'trillion era', is a fiscal crisis accelerating?
From surplus to deep pit, the trajectory of the U.S. fiscal deficit over 25 years is clear: Fiscal Year Budget Deficit 2000. +$236 billion (surplus) 2009. -$1.41 trillion (financial crisis) 2020. -$3.13 trillion (COVID-19) 2024. -$1.83 trillion (historically the third highest)
Key analysis: FY 2024 data • Spending: $6.75 trillion • Revenue: $4.92 trillion • Deficit: $1.83 trillion (27%) This means: For every $1 spent by the U.S., 27 cents is borrowed.
Trump to Sign Executive Order: Steel and Aluminum Tariffs Doubled! Effective Tomorrow
Washington Time June 3, 2025
The White House has just confirmed: President Trump will sign an executive order today to raise tariffs on imported steel and aluminum to double the current rates.
New Tariff Overview: • Steel Import Tariff: From 25% → Increased to 50% • Aluminum Import Tariff: From 10% → Increased to 20% • Effective Date: Officially implemented on June 4 #美国加征关税