The protagonist of "Cancun Upgrade": EIP-4844, the prototype of Ethereum sharding. Improvement goals: Solve the scalability (i.e. expansion needs) of Ethereum, help reduce the transaction costs of Ethereum’s Layer 2 (Layer2) Rollups solution, and increase the speed of Rollups. Improvements (completed technical improvements): Introducing Blob transactions: Blob is the abbreviation of Binary Large Object. Introduce all execution layer logic required to implement future full sharding. Introduce cross-validation logic for all execution and consensus layers required to implement future full sharding. Implements layering between beacon block validation (i.e. Ethereum layer 2 data) and blob data availability sampling. Introduces beacon blocks to implement most of the logic required for future full sharding.
List of improvement proposals confirmed for implementation: 1) EIP-1153: Add transient storage opcodes. The advantage of using transient storage to solve communication problems within blocks is that the Gas Fee is low, and there is no need to consider the refund of operating fees due to temporary storage in future Ethereum data storage designs. 2) EIP-6780: Modify the function of the SELFDESTRUCT opcode to prepare for the future application of the Verkle Tree architecture in Ethereum. 3) EIP-4788: Expose the beacon chain block root in the Ethereum Virtual Machine. The beacon chain block root is a cryptographic accumulator (Accumulators) used to prove any consensus state. 4) EIP-5656: Provides an efficient Ethereum virtual machine instruction that can be used to copy memory areas. 5) EIP-7516: Introduce opcode BLOBBASEFEE.
The improvement proposals determined to be implemented by the Ethereum consensus layer "Deneb Upgrade" synchronized with the "Cancun Upgrade" include: 1) EIP-7400: Achieving permanent and effective signature voluntary exit. This technical protocol is mainly used to lock the validator's exit signature domain on the current Capella consensus layer, and has obtained permanent validity after the "Cancun Upgrade", thereby reducing the complexity of pledge operations on Ethereum. 2) EIP-7045: Add maximum authentication packed plaintext ciphertext (plaintext slot). This technical protocol will be critical to current LMD-GHOST safety analysis and rule validation. 3) EIP-7514: Add Max Epoch Churn limit. The purpose of implementing this technical protocol is to mitigate the negative externality issues caused by the growth of the total amount of staked ETH.
