The acute challenges India faces and weaknesses in its nuclear capabilities vis-à-vis China mandate an accelerated and dedicated commitment to overcoming them.
The growing and menacing nuclear threat from India’s Northern neighbour, the People's Republic of China (PRC), remains unabated and cannot go unchallenged. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the PRC is rapidly advancing its atomic weapons and their delivery systems. The SIPRI’s data demonstrates the PRC’s advancement in atomic weaponry, noting that it is not just qualitative, but equally quantitative. The latest SIPRI data shows that between 2024-25, China’s arsenal saw a 20-percent increase year-on-year in the PRC’ nuclear stockpile from 500 to 600 nuclear weapons. Indeed, its rapid expansion is greater than any nuclear weapons state, whether de jure or de facto. At least partially, this is unsurprising because the PRC has vehemently objected to a tripartite nuclear arms control agreement long before its current nuclear expansion involving the United States (US), the Russian Federation, and the PRC to reduce the size of their respective nuclear weapons stockpiles. As the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Senior Colonel Bo Zhou dismissively observed in 2019: “For such an agreement to work, either the US and Russia would need to bring their nuclear arsenals down to China’s level, or China would need to increase its arsenal drastically. Neither scenario is realistic.” Yet, as the current galloping pace of the PRC’s atomic arsenal indicates, Colonel Bo Zhou is at best partially accurate and betrays the fact that the Chinese atomic arsenal will never categorically come close to matching the US or Russia.
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