#美国加征关税 Tariffs and Global Supply Chain Restructuring

U.S. tariffs have accelerated the diversification of supply chains, but have not achieved 'localization.' To avoid tariffs, companies have moved factories to Southeast Asia, which has deepened their reliance on other regions. For example, exports from Vietnam to the U.S. have surged, but they include a significant amount of re-exported trade from China. This indirect supply chain increases complexity and reduces efficiency. Multinational companies are more inclined toward a 'China+1' strategy rather than a complete withdrawal. Tariffs have failed to fundamentally change global division of labor and have instead raised global production costs.