In 2025, Ethereum is opening a new cycle through the Pectra upgrade, with three core transformations reshaping the infrastructure:

- Account Abstraction (EIP-7702): A hybrid account model achieves transaction batching, gas sponsorship, and multi-signature security, pushing the wallet experience closer to Web2.

- Enhanced Layer2 Scalability (EIP-7691): Blob space is doubled, reducing the cost of a single Layer2 transaction to below $0.001, clearing obstacles for large-scale applications in DeFi and NFTs.

- Optimized Validator Ecosystem: The staking limit is raised to 2048 ETH, deposit delays are shortened to 13 minutes, accelerating the entry of institutional funds and liquidity.

The deep empowerment of the Binance ecosystem has become a key variable. As the world's largest exchange, Binance builds a comprehensive ETH support system through spot trading, derivatives, and staking services, and links BNB with the Ethereum ecosystem through Launchpool. Its incubated Base connects to Ethereum's proof services (EAS), automating the KYC process and lowering the deployment threshold for developers; at the same time, it promotes Layer2 liquidity incentives, driving Rollups like Optimism and Arbitrum to capture five times the transaction volume of the mainnet, consolidating the advantages of the Layer2 ecosystem.

Short-term challenges come from market sentiment fluctuations— in April, whales cumulatively sold 2,213 ETH, and DeFi TVL fell by $40 billion from its peak, reflecting cautious funding. In the long term, it needs to overcome the complexity of implementing sharding technology; its planned 100,000 TPS vision relies on the efficiency of multi-chain collaboration. Although public chains like Solana excel in single performance, Ethereum continuously solidifies its core position in Web3 infrastructure through a dual-layer architecture of 'mainchain security + Layer2 efficiency.' With the implementation of the Pectra upgrade, technological dividends and ecosystem collaboration may trigger a reassessment of value, while the innovation speed of new tracks like DeFi and AI chains will determine the depth of its long-term moat. #以太坊的未来