#以太坊的未来 Core Protocol Iteration

Ethereum plans to implement the Pectra upgrade in the first quarter of 2025, integrating improvements in the execution layer (Prague) and the consensus layer (Electra), with a focus on optimizing the staking flexibility and network efficiency of validator nodes. This upgrade may enhance network scalability by reducing the number of validators, optimizing data management, and laying the groundwork for subsequent sharding technology. Vitalik Buterin emphasized in a public speech that the next decade will focus on 'anti-censorship' and 'decentralization', aiming to expand L1 (mainnet) by approximately 10 times while strengthening the security collaboration between Layer2 and the mainnet. 404470

Performance and Cost Optimization

Recently, Ethereum has reduced Layer2 transaction fees through EIP-4844 (from $0.20 to $0.01), significantly improving the feasibility of decentralized applications (DApps). The next step is to introduce light client technology to lower node operation costs and explore the application of zero-knowledge proofs (ZK-SNARKs) in privacy protection.