Ethereum chain upgrade ~ the outbreak has become a consensus

🔥🔥Tonight, the Ethereum engine will switch to a "Continuously Variable Transmission"!
$ETH
That's right, on December 4, 2025, in Beijing time, Ethereum will welcome the most significant upgrade since the "merge"—Fusaka. This is not just a simple continuation of Pectra, but a hard fork aimed at fundamentally reshaping network capabilities.

✨ Core Highlights: Faster, Cheaper, More User-Friendly

The core of this upgrade is to make Ethereum operate as if it has a "continuously variable transmission", allowing for flexible and rapid scaling. Specifically:

1. Layer 2 fees are expected to drop by 40-60%

· Key Technology: Introduction of PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling). Nodes no longer need to download the entire massive data; they can verify a small portion like "sampling", ensuring data security. This significantly reduces the network burden and paves the way for scaling.
· "Continuously Variable" scaling: By modifying parameters through a fork (BPO), Blob capacity can be increased from the current 6 to 14 in phases over the next few months. This means future capacity adjustments will no longer require long waits for large hard forks, allowing for flexible responses to demand like adjusting a transmission.

2. Dual Enhancement of Block Capacity and User Experience

· Gas limit increased from 30 million to 60 million, allowing individual blocks to process more complex transactions.
· Account abstraction (EIP-7702) implementation: In the future, users may pay gas fees directly with tokens like USDC and log into wallets using biometrics (such as fingerprints or facial recognition), completely bidding farewell to mnemonic worries, providing an experience comparable to mainstream Web2 applications.

🤔 Who will benefit? What impact will it have on the market?

· Layer 2 and ecosystem developers: Cheaper data costs mean greater innovation space and better user experience, potentially triggering a new round of ecological explosion.
· Node operators: The historical data expiration mechanism reduces storage burdens, making running nodes easier.
· ETH holders: Network processing capacity is moving towards 100,000 transactions per second (TPS), laying a more solid foundation. If the upgrade succeeds and attracts a large number of new users and funds, it will become a long-term positive for the fundamentals.
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