To understand the power of a revolutionary system, we must venture inside and examine the precision gears that drive it. The architecture of Bitlayer Rollup is a symphony composed of four core movements, designed to achieve a harmonious resonance between performance, security, and decentralization. It is not merely a stack of technology but a living organism where each part has its distinct role and collaborates with others.
Movement I: The Executive Core – The Rollup Operator
At the heart of the system lies the Rollup Operator. It functions as a tireless engine, responsible for processing all Layer 2 (L2) transactions, packaging them into blocks and batches, and generating cryptographic proofs for their validity. Subsequently, it submits this 'work report,' containing both data and proof, to the Bitcoin mainnet for final adjudication. In the current phase, this role is undertaken by a single entity to ensure initial operational efficiency and stability.
Movement II: The Public Archive – The Data Availability (DA) Layer
Data is the lifeblood of the system, and the Data Availability (DA) Layer is the public artery ensuring its flow. The operator submits all L2 transaction batches here, guaranteeing that anyone can access and verify the raw data at any time. This is more than just a storage layer; it is a critical security buffer. In extreme cases, even if a user's transaction is censored by the operator, they can bypass this censorship by sending a 'forced transaction' directly to the DA layer, endowing the system with powerful censorship resistance.
Movement III: The Supreme Court – The Bitcoin Contract
This may be the most groundbreaking part of the entire architecture. Leveraging the BitVM paradigm, Bitlayer deploys a recursive 'smart contract' on the Bitcoin mainnet. The role of this contract is akin to a supreme and absolutely impartial court. It does not deal with the specifics of individual transactions but focuses on one thing: reviewing the proofs submitted by the operator to verify the legality of L2 state transitions. Its verdict is directly anchored to the unparalleled security of the Bitcoin network, providing an unshakeable root of trust for the entire Bitlayer L2.
Movement IV: The Guardian Alliance – The Rollup Network
A healthy system requires a dynamic ecosystem for its maintenance. The Rollup Network is a decentralized alliance of guardians composed of several key nodes. The Operator Node is the primary executor; Attester Nodes act as messengers, responsible for interacting with the 'Supreme Court' on Bitcoin; while Watcher Nodes are the vigilant sentinels, continuously monitoring the network. Should they detect a malicious operator submitting an invalid state transition, they will immediately initiate a challenge to uphold the network's integrity.
Inside the Engine Room: The Operator's Trio
To fulfill its complex mission, the Rollup Operator is further delineated into three synergistic roles:
Sequencer: As the starting point of the process, it receives user L2 transactions, orders them, and assembles them into blocks. It is the 'assembler' on the production line.
Prover: This is the system's 'mathematician' and 'engineer.' It generates validity proofs for the blocks packaged by the sequencer and aggregates multiple block proofs and DA proofs into a more compact batch proof. Finally, it employs cutting-edge cryptography like Groth16 to compress these proofs to their absolute minimum size for efficient verification on the Bitcoin mainnet.
Controller: Serving as the 'project director,' it manages the entire Rollup workflow, ensuring that every step from sequencing to proving proceeds flawlessly. Ultimately, it represents the entire operator system in its interaction with the Bitcoin L1 contract to achieve finality.
In summary, Bitlayer's system design is a precision architecture of checks and balances and clear responsibilities. Through the collaborative work of the operator, DA layer, Bitcoin contract, and guardian network, it skillfully achieves an excellent balance between efficiency and decentralization, functionality and security, laying a solid foundation for building a thriving ecosystem genuinely rooted in Bitcoin.
To understand the power of a revolutionary system, one must venture inside to examine the precision gears that drive it. The architecture of Bitlayer Rollup is a symphony in four core movements, designed to achieve a harmonious resonance between performance, security, and decentralization. It is not a mere stack of technologies but a living organism where each component has a distinct and collaborative role.
Movement I: The Executive Core – The Rollup Operator
At the heart of the system lies the Rollup Operator. It functions as a tireless engine, responsible for processing all Layer 2 (L2) transactions, packaging them into blocks and batches, and generating cryptographic proofs for their validity. Subsequently, it submits this 'work report,' containing both data and proof, to the Bitcoin mainnet for final adjudication. In the current phase, this role is undertaken by a single entity to ensure initial operational efficiency and stability.
Movement II: The Public Archive – The Data Availability (DA) Layer
Data is the lifeblood of the system, and the Data Availability (DA) Layer is the public artery ensuring its flow. The operator submits all L2 transaction batches here, guaranteeing that anyone can access and verify the raw data at any time. This is more than just a storage layer; it is a critical security buffer. In extreme cases, even if a user's transaction is censored by the operator, they can bypass this censorship by sending a 'forced transaction' directly to the DA layer, endowing the system with powerful censorship resistance.
Movement III: The Supreme Court – The Bitcoin Contract
This is perhaps the most groundbreaking part of the architecture. Leveraging the BitVM paradigm, Bitlayer deploys a recursive, BitVM-style 'smart contract' on the Bitcoin mainnet. The role of this contract is akin to a supreme and absolutely impartial court. It does not concern itself with the minutiae of individual transactions but focuses on one crucial task: reviewing the proofs submitted by the operator to verify the legitimacy of L2 state transitions. Its verdict is directly anchored to the unparalleled security of the Bitcoin network, providing an unshakeable root of trust for the entire Bitlayer L2.
Movement IV: The Guardian Alliance – The Rollup Network
A healthy system requires a dynamic ecosystem for its maintenance. The Rollup Network is a decentralized alliance of guardians composed of several key nodes. The Operator Node is the primary executor. Attester Nodes act as messengers, responsible for interacting with the 'Supreme Court' on Bitcoin. Meanwhile, Watcher Nodes are the vigilant sentinels, continuously monitoring the network. Should they detect a malicious operator submitting an invalid state transition, they will immediately initiate a challenge to uphold the network's integrity.
Inside the Engine Room: The Operator's Trio
To fulfill its complex mission, the Rollup Operator is further delineated into three synergistic roles:
The Sequencer: As the starting point of the process, it receives user L2 transactions, orders them, and assembles them into blocks. It is the 'assembler' on the production line.
The Prover: This is the system's 'mathematician' and 'engineer.' It generates validity proofs for the blocks packaged by the sequencer and aggregates multiple block proofs and DA proofs into a more compact batch proof. Finally, it employs cutting-edge cryptography like Groth16 to compress these proofs to their absolute minimum size for efficient verification on the Bitcoin mainnet.
The Controller: Serving as the 'project director,' it manages the entire Rollup pipeline, ensuring every step from sequencing to proving proceeds flawlessly. Ultimately, it represents the entire operator system in its interaction with the Bitcoin L1 contract to achieve finality.
In conclusion, Bitlayer's system design is a precision architecture of checks and balances and clear responsibilities. Through the synergistic operation of the Operator, the DA Layer, the Bitcoin Contract, and the Guardian Network, it expertly strikes an exceptional balance between efficiency and decentralization, functionality and security, laying a rock-solid foundation for a thriving ecosystem genuinely rooted in Bitcoin.