#Bitcoin has existed for over 15 years and is considered the most reliable cryptocurrency. But even it is not immune to serious threats.
⚡ 1. Quantum computers:
Bitcoin uses ECDSA cryptography. Quantum computers will be able to break it using Shor's algorithm.
According to researchers, about 25% of all BTC (mostly old wallets) will be vulnerable in the next 10–20 years (Barron’s).
Solution: transition to post-quantum algorithms. This will require a massive protocol update and time (research suggests about ~76 days for network migration).
⚡ 2. Centralization of mining and 51% attack:
Today, mining is heavily concentrated: just a few dozen pools control the majority of the network's power.
In theory, this opens the way to a 51% attack, allowing the rewriting of transaction history.
In practice, this is unlikely due to the high cost of the attack and the risk of losing trust in the network.
⚡ 3. Regulatory and social factors:
The largest economies are developing strict rules for cryptocurrencies.
CBDCs (central bank digital currencies) could pose serious competition to Bitcoin.
The use of Bitcoin in the shadow economy and cybercrime creates a negative image and accelerates government pressure.
🔮 Possible scenarios:
1. Adaptation — transition to post-quantum cryptography and maintaining the role of 'digital gold'.
2. Partial marginalization — increased regulation and competition reduce Bitcoin's global influence.
3. Collapse of trust (unlikely) — a combination of quantum hacking and centralized attacks.
✅ Conclusion:
Bitcoin has proven its resilience, but its future depends on the community's ability to adapt to new challenges: quantum technologies, centralization, and government pressure.
