🇨🇴🇵🇪 Territorial dispute over Santa Rosa Island between Colombia and Peru
Santa Rosa Island, located in the Amazon River near the triple border with Brazil, has become the center of growing diplomatic tension between Colombia and Peru. Although it was historically not assigned to any country in the binational treaties, its location and geographical evolution have generated controversy regarding its sovereignty.
🧭 Historical Context
• Treaty of 1922 and Rio de Janeiro Protocol (1934): Defined the river border between Colombia and Peru, assigning existing islands at that time. However, Santa Rosa emerged after those agreements, so it was not officially allocated.
• Leticia Conflict (1932–1933): It was the most serious precedent between both countries, resolved by the Rio de Janeiro Protocol.
🏝️ Geographical Evolution
• Since the 1970s, the island has been physically approaching Leticia, Colombia, due to changes in the flow of the Amazon River.
• Satellite images show how Santa Rosa has joined other river formations, becoming closer to Colombian territory.
🔥 Recent Escalation
• President Gustavo Petro moved the commemoration of August 7 to Leticia as a symbolic protest.
• Colombia issued a formal seven-point statement, rejecting Peru's unilateral actions and defending the free navigation of the river.
• Peru responded with a diplomatic protest, defending its sovereignty and citing historical treaties.
🌍 Regional Impact
• The island has a population of about 3,000 people, primarily engaged in trade.
• Its control influences navigation, Amazonian trade, and regional connectivity.
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