Trump's 30% tariff has forced major Chinese mining machine manufacturers, which hold 90% of the market share, to set up production in Texas. The Bitcoin hardware supply chain is being forced to decouple and reorganize, causing simultaneous shocks to security and costs. (Background: Pakistan has announced that it will use 2000MW of electricity for 'Bitcoin mining and AI centers,' with the Prime Minister appointing a special assistant for blockchain and cryptocurrency.) The three major Chinese mining companies are moving their production lines to Texas to meet the U.S. market's demand for Bitcoin mining machines. Since Trump announced a 30% tariff on Chinese imports of mining machines in April, Bitmain, Canaan, and MicroBT have been staking land in the Texas desert, aiming to maintain North American customers with a 'Made in America' label by the end of 2025. This policy shock has elevated hardware production behind Bitcoin's computing power from a cost issue to a national security level. Tariff pressure drives localization. Reuters has pointed out that Bitmain has completed its first batch production by December 2024; Canaan, which derives 40% of its revenue from the U.S., has entered trial production; MicroBT has stated that it is 'actively implementing localization.' The new 30% tariff means that the import cost of a $5,000 S21 mining machine immediately increases by $1,500, forcing manufacturers to choose to set up factories in the U.S. Data from Frost & Sullivan in 2023 shows that the three companies control 95.4% of the global market share; although North America's share of computing power has exceeded 30%, over 90% of hardware sources are still made in China. The separation of production location and usage location makes the supply chain appear fragile amid increasing tensions between China and the U.S. A GlobeNewswire report estimates that the global mining market could reach $3.3 billion by 2030, increasing the incentives for supply diversification. Security and political struggles. A study by the Brookings Institution warns that a large number of Chinese-made ASICs connecting to the U.S. power grid could pose infrastructure risks, although the industry believes that mining chips have a single function and the threat is overestimated. The U.S. Department of Commerce has previously blacklisted Bitmain's associated company, Sophgo, indicating that scrutiny is not limited to the AI field. Marathon Digital-supported startup Auradine is lobbying in Washington, requesting restrictions on Chinese hardware to strengthen the domestic supply chain. In the short term, U.S. miners face rising equipment costs. Data from Financialmodelingprep on the 8th shows that Marathon Digital reported $14.67, Riot Platforms $9.66, CleanSpark $8.90, and Core Scientific $11.89, with stock prices falling about 6%-10% in the past week, reflecting investors' unease about rising costs. In the long run, if the U.S. successfully cultivates domestic production capacity, the Bitcoin ecosystem is expected to have a more decentralized and resilient hardware source. Trump is simultaneously waving the 'crypto-friendly' banner while reshaping the supply chain with tariffs. As Chinese-made mining machines reignite in the Texas desert, the spirit of Bitcoin's decentralization is also being forced to be redefined at the manufacturing end.

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