$ETH EthereumĀ is aĀ decentralizedĀ blockchainĀ withĀ smart contractĀ functionality.Ā EtherĀ (abbreviation:Ā ETH[a]) is the nativeĀ cryptocurrencyĀ of the platform. Among cryptocurrencies, ether is second only toĀ bitcoinĀ inĀ market capitalization.[2][3]Ā It isĀ open-source software.
Ethereum was conceived in 2013 byĀ programmerĀ Vitalik Buterin.[4]Ā Other founders includeĀ Gavin Wood,Ā Charles Hoskinson,Ā Anthony Di Iorio, andĀ Joseph Lubin.[5]Ā In 2014,Ā developmentĀ work began and wasĀ crowdfunded, and the network went live on 30 July 2015.[6]Ā Ethereum allows anyone to deployĀ decentralized applicationsĀ onto it, with which users can interact.[7]Ā Decentralized financeĀ (DeFi) applications provideĀ financial instrumentsĀ that do not directly rely onĀ financial intermediariesĀ likeĀ brokerages,Ā exchanges, orĀ banks. This facilitates borrowing against cryptocurrency holdings or lending them out forĀ interest.[8][9]Ā Ethereum also allows users to create and exchangeĀ non-fungible tokensĀ (NFTs), which are tokens that can be tied to unique digital assets, such as images. Additionally, many other cryptocurrencies utilize the ERC-20 token standard on top of the Ethereum blockchain and have utilized the platform forĀ initial coin offerings.
On 15 September 2022, Ethereum transitioned itsĀ consensus mechanismĀ fromĀ proof-of-workĀ (PoW) toĀ proof-of-stakeĀ (PoS) in an update known as "The Merge", which cut the blockchain's energy usage by 99%.[10]
History
Founding (2013ā2014)
ļæ¼Ethereum co-founderĀ Vitalik ButerinĀ in 2015
Ethereum was initially described in late 2013 in aĀ white paperĀ byĀ Vitalik Buterin,[4][11]Ā a programmer and co-founder ofĀ Bitcoin Magazine, that described a way to buildĀ decentralizedĀ applications.[12][13]Ā Buterin argued to theĀ Bitcoin CoreĀ developers that blockchain technology could benefit from other applications besides money and that it needed a more robust language for application development[14]:ā88āĀ that could lead toĀ attaching[clarification needed]Ā real-world assets, such as stocks and property, to the blockchain