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With the rapid growth of the digital economy, blockchain infrastructure is also rapidly evolving. Various public chains, alliance chains, and permissioned chains have sprung up, demonstrating the diversity and innovation of technology. However, a prominent problem is that connections and interoperability between chains cannot be achieved due to factors such as technology, ecology, and competition. This has led to the segmentation of users, assets, applications and data in different blockchain ecosystems, forming the so-called "island effect".

Fundamentally speaking, there are two main reasons for the "island effect": one is the diversification of user needs, and the other is the scalability limitations of the blockchain. These factors jointly hinder the organic integration between different blockchain ecosystems. In order to break the "island effect" and promote the efficient circulation of business and value in blockchain projects, cross-chain technology emerged as the times require.

As more and more blockchains are developed with different designs, programming languages, and consensus mechanisms, blockchain interoperability has become an integral part of the ecosystem. Without interoperability, the exchange of value between different blockchains will become complicated and the liquidity of assets will be fragmented. Interoperability is critical to realizing the full potential of blockchain technology, as it allows data and assets to move seamlessly between different blockchains, increasing interconnectivity and improving asset liquidity.

Cross-chain interoperability refers to the ability of different blockchains to communicate with each other and exchange value. It involves building cross-chain bridges between other blockchains to allow assets and data to move seamlessly between them. These cross-chain bridges serve as rules-based protocols that are the basis for scaling solutions and use messaging infrastructure to ensure secure communication between different blockchains.