Want to know what the mysterious term intersubjective forking in EigenLayer means? Let's unveil its mystery together!
A fact can be roughly divided into three categories:
Objective
Subjective
The "intersubjective" facts in the middle.
For example:
1. Objective facts, for example, 1+1=2;
2. Subjective facts, for example, someone thinks @0x_todd is handsome;
3. "Intersubjective" facts are a bit abstract, and they come from "social consensus", for example: ChatGPT is one of the leaders of AI today.
"Intersubjective" facts are not as set in stone as objective facts, nor as easy to come up with as subjective facts.
It is a consensus between subjects - in human terms - it is a consensus among the masses, although it may not be the truth.
If we go to Crypto, let's give a few more examples:
1. Objective facts, for example, if the code executed by EVM executes a certain function, it will definitely output a certain result.
2. Subjective facts, for example, a tweet, I think @eigenlayer gave too little to early holders;
3. Facts "between subjects" also come from "social consensus", for example, Bitcoin is the leader of crypto; or a node is malicious because it conceals some data.
Nowadays, everyone knows what Re-staking does:
Use ETH as a deposit to complete some verification work;
1. If the verification is successful, you will earn commissions;
2. If you mess up, the deposit will be deducted.
But how to judge whether you messed up or succeeded? Who will deduct the deposit? This is a difficult problem.
Verifying "objective facts" is okay, there are very clear judgment criteria. For example, whether a smart contract is successfully executed, this is easy to handle.
Verifying objective facts, it is no problem to use $ETH as a deposit.
But verifying "facts between subjects" is troublesome, and the definition standard is not so clear. At this time, do you still dare to use $ETH as a deposit? You definitely don't dare.
Therefore, Eigenlayer believes that whenever it comes to the verification of facts between entities, ETH will no longer be used for re-staking, but $Eigen tokens will be used.
This still doesn't solve our previous problem. How do you judge whether you screwed up or succeeded?
1. Rely on majority voting? Then it will also bring "tyranny of the majority", for example, large households can join forces to eliminate small households.
2. Rely on committee rulings? Then why do we come to crypto?
Therefore, Eigen token staking is going to use the third idea:
3. Rely on forks. If there is really a huge disagreement around a "fact between subjects", then there is a last resort, which is fork.
If you (and those who stand on the same side as you) think that everyone else is wrong, even if you don't currently hold the majority of seats, then you can directly fork the token and confiscate others'.
Note that this is the ultimate killer.
What exactly is a huge disagreement around a "fact between subjects"?
For example, when Trump failed to be re-elected because of a few votes, Biden was elected the 46th President of the United States, but in a short window, Trump claimed that Biden "stole" his votes and he was the truly legitimate 46th President of the United States.
Before the dust settles on this matter, there must be many people who firmly believe that Trump is the real 46th president, and they have no subjective intention to do evil, and the supporters of both sides cannot convince each other.
Eigenlayer believes that the best solution to this kind of problem is to fork the tokens to each other and let time test everything, because in the end one side will gradually lose legitimacy and approach zero.
So:
1. In the eyes of Trump supporters (that is, Trump's version of EIGEN), all the deposits of Biden supporters should be confiscated;
2. In the perspective of Biden supporters (that is, Biden's version of EIGEN), all the deposits of Trump supporters should be confiscated.
The final result is clear to us. Trump is not the 46th president in the public eye, and Trump's version of EIGEN eventually returns to zero, so it doesn't matter if the tokens of Biden supporters are confiscated, anyway, they are all 0.
On the contrary, Biden is the 46th president in the public eye, Biden's version of EIGEN becomes the genuine EIGEN, and Trump supporters' tokens were confiscated before, and they also paid a price.
This is the problem that intersubjective forking is going to solve.
So, these must be done with EIGEN coins, not ETH. ETH fork is too difficult, and it is not conducive to ETH security. Of course, there is definitely a selfish desire to lock up their own tokens as much as possible.
There is another small detail. EIGEN is a dual-token model.
One is a standard ERC-20 token, which will not fork and can be used on exchanges or DeFi.
The other is a token that is truly used to judge facts. If there is a huge disagreement, it can theoretically be infinitely forked.
The two tokens are isolated from each other, but there is a certain mapping relationship. If you are interested, you can read the white paper. I will not go into details here.
Finally, to summarize, Eigenlayer abstracted a new type of fact (intersubjective), which cannot be solved by the previous solution (ETH Restaking), so a new solution (Staking and Slashing based on EIGEN tokens) is proposed, that is, issuing a new work token $EIGEN.
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