#加密小讲堂 Vol.5
Before talking about Shared Sequencers, we first need to find out what a "sequencer" is and whether there is also a "central sequencer". The answer is yes.
💡 The role of sorter
In the L2 architecture, the sequencer processes and sorts the user's transaction tasks in the block before publishing the user's transactions to the main chain.
Currently, most mainstream second-tier servers, such as $ARB and $OP , run their own proprietary centralized sorter solutions;
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⚠️ What problems will a centralized sorter cause?
Centralized sequencers are essentially centralized products that cannot be expanded. The second-layer network relies on its own internal single centralized sequencer, which is usually controlled by a single entity or organization, which may lead to censorship issues and centralization risks.
😂 Such L2 seems to have no encryption spirit?
💡 For example:
If the centralized orderer does not want you to trade on their chain, they can directly ignore your transaction order and sort it on the chain, so that you have almost no way to get your assets back👀
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✨ 共享排序器（Shared Sequencers）
➪ 既然 中心化排序器 有那么多的 问题和风险，那么 ”去中心化的排序器“ 概念的出现就是必然的结果，这就是这期要说的“共享排序器”
“共享排序器” 背后的设计理念，其实也有很大一部分的 “模块化” 的思想，它建议构建 一个去中心化的排序节点 网络，众多的 Rollup方案 可以共同接入这些排序器节点，以取代他们单一的中心化排序器。
排序器网络 不存在固定的主排序器，而是每轮周期，根据权重和概率，选举一个“主节点”，其他 “从节点” 参与验证结果，以此有效地消除 中心化排序器 的 审查问题 和 单点故障风险。
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✨ Benefits of using “Shared Sorter”:
1️⃣ Censorship resistance:
The shared sorter improves censorship resistance through a decentralized transaction sorting process.
2️⃣ Atomic cross-Rollup composability:
支持跨Rollup的原子级交易，有助于创建一个相互连接的Rollup生态系统。
3️⃣ Live more and live more:
The advantage of multiple nodes is that even if one node is killed, it will not affect the availability of the overall network, achieving a non-stop network and enhancing the robustness of the sequencer system.
4️⃣ Plug and play solution:
Provide plug-and-play solutions for existing and new rollups, simplifying the deployment and maintenance process, using a unified sequencing solution to avoid reinventing the wheel for each L2.
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✨ Shared Sorter Solution Inventory
1️⃣ Merlin Chain:
A project based on BTC Layer2 uses ZK-Rollup to compress a large number of transaction proofs into a simple verification set to improve transaction efficiency and scalability.
Merlin Chain’s sequencer node is responsible for collecting and batching transactions, generating compressed transaction data, ZK state, and attestation via zkEVM, which are then uploaded to Bitcoin L1 Taproot via the decentralized Oracle network.
2️⃣ Astria:
Astria's goal is to provide a solution that enables seamless interaction between different blockchain networks and promote wider DApp development and deployment. Astria makes different blockchains compatible with each other by sharing sequencer technology, improving Flexibility and interactivity of the entire ecosystem.
3️⃣ Radius:
Radius is another pioneering project in the field of shared sorters that is committed to developing an additional shared sorter layer that does not require a trust foundation. The goal is to enhance the security, reliability and censorship resistance of the blockchain network through a decentralized sorting process.
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➪ Centralization means vulnerability, decoupling and decentralization can build a healthy and reliable ecosystem
✨ As part of the "modularity" narrative of the second-layer network, I think "shared sequencer" is actually a general trend
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