Picture the world of crypto as a city

Layer 0 – The Big Highways

Think of Layer 0 as a toll-free highway system connecting different blockchain “cities.”

  • Enables smooth transfer of coins and data between chains

  • Provides shared security and cross-chain messaging

  • Examples: Polkadot, Cosmos — paving the roads that link blockchains

Layer 1 – The City Streets

Layer 1 is the core infrastructure of a blockchain city: its roads, buildings, and laws.

  • All transactions move directly here

  • Consensus mechanisms (PoW, PoS) enforce the rules

  • Examples: Bitcoin, Ethereum — the main roads of the crypto world

Layer 2 – The Express Lanes

When city streets get congested, express lanes (Layer 2) keep traffic moving.

  • Faster, cheaper transactions on top of Layer 1

  • Final settlement happens back on Layer 1

  • Examples: Lightning Network (Bitcoin), Polygon (Ethereum)

Layer 3 – The Shops & Services

Layer 3 is the user-facing layer — where you shop, trade, or play games.

  • Complex blockchain routing stays hidden

  • Simple, user-friendly interfaces

  • Examples: Uniswap (DEX), OpenSea (NFT marketplace)

Why It Matters

  • Scalability: Layer 2 solutions keep things fast during high demand

  • Interoperability: Layer 0 connects blockchains for seamless data sharing

  • Accessibility: Layer 3 makes blockchain usable for everyone

💡 In short: Layer 0 builds the highways, Layer 1 is the city, Layer 2 adds speed lanes, and Layer 3 is where people shop and interact. Together, they make blockchain work efficiently for the world.

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