$ETH Infrastructure and real innovation

The Pectra upgrade, launched on May 7, 2025, was the largest since The Merge: it implemented 11 key EIPs (such as EIP‑7702 and EIP‑7251) to improve user experience and increase staking limits per validator.

Academically, the ecosystem is moving towards parallel executions in the EVM (better scalability), and EigenLayer & Lido expand decentralization and liquidity through restaking.