Ethereum, as an important platform for blockchain technology, has a security program that is crucial for the stability and credibility of the entire cryptocurrency ecosystem. In recent years, Ethereum has continuously strengthened its security measures, especially in smart contracts and network protocols. Smart contracts are at the core of building decentralized applications (DApps), but vulnerabilities in their code can trigger significant security incidents. To address this, the Ethereum community actively promotes the standardization of smart contract audits, introducing more automated tools and manual review mechanisms to ensure the rigor and security of the code. Meanwhile, during the transition to the Proof of Stake (PoS) mechanism in the 'Merge' process, Ethereum has significantly enhanced the security and efficiency of the network, reducing dependence on hardware resources. Additionally, Ethereum has further strengthened privacy protection and transaction verification security by upgrading network protocols, such as introducing Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) technology. However, with the rapid development of fields like DeFi and NFTs, new security challenges are constantly emerging. Ethereum's security program needs to continuously evolve to address these emerging threats and ensure the safety of user assets and data.