The concept of 'Rational Studies' is not a standard or commonly used academic classification in the Chinese context, so we need to clarify what 'Rational Studies' refers to. Literally understood, 'Rational Studies' may relate to the following fields:
Research on rationality in philosophy (especially discussions on cognition and rational behavior);
Cognitive psychology in psychology;
Higher cognitive functions in neuroscience (such as decision-making, reasoning);
Logic and Thinking Science;
Modeling rational behavior in artificial intelligence.
Below are some possible categories and recommendations for books that may align with your understanding of 'Rational Studies':
I. Exploration of Rationality in Philosophy
(Critique of Pure Reason) Immanuel Kant
Explores the structure and boundaries of human rationality; one of the most important works on 'rationality' in Western philosophy.(Critique of Practical Reason) Kant
Discusses moral rationality and free will.(Limits of Rationality) Helmuth Plessner
Focuses on the role of rationality in human existence.
II. Cognitive Psychology and Behavioral Science
(Thinking, Fast and Slow)（Thinking, Fast and Slow）Daniel Kahneman
Analyzes the interaction between System 1 (intuitive) and System 2 (rational) thinking.(The Predictive Mind)（The Predictive Mind）Jakob Hohwy
Explores how the brain rationally predicts the world; a cross-disciplinary work between cognitive science and neuroscience.
III. Logic and Thinking Science
(How to Read a Book) Mortimer J. Adler
Emphasizes training in rational reading and thinking.(Critical Thinking Toolbox) Randal M. Jensen
Systematically teaches how to establish clear, coherent, and logical thinking.(Introduction to Logic) Irving M. Copi
An introductory textbook in standard logic to help cultivate rational thinking.
IV. Artificial Intelligence and Formal Rationality
(Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach)（Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach）Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig
The 'rational agent' model in AI, which is goal-oriented and knowledge-based reasoning.(Rational Machine)（The Rational Machine）Brian Cantwell Smith
Explores the philosophical and technical foundations of machine rationality.
V. Integrative and Interdisciplinary Perspectives
(Rational Animal)（The Rational Animal）Douglas T. Kenrick
Explains the irrational motivations behind human rational behavior from an evolutionary psychology perspective.(Introduction to Cognitive Science) Paul Thagard
Analyzes 'rationality' and 'thinking' from perspectives including computational models, neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy.
Which direction in 'Rational Studies' are you more inclined towards? Philosophy, psychology, logic, or artificial intelligence and neuroscience? This way, I can recommend books more specifically. What is your definition or understanding of 'rationality'?