$ETH **Ethereum (ETH)** is the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, known for its smart contract functionality. Launched in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum enables decentralized applications (dApps), DeFi, NFTs, and more through its programmable blockchain. Unlike Bitcoin, ETH isn’t just a currency—it powers transactions and operations on its network. Ethereum completed its transition to proof-of-stake (PoS) with "The Merge" in 2022, reducing energy use by ~99%. Upgrades like Dencun (2024) aim to improve scalability with proto-danksharding. ETH remains a leader in blockchain innovation, though it faces competition from Solana, Cardano, and others. Price volatility reflects market trends and adoption shifts.

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