The Federal Reserve announced on Friday that Adriana D. Kugler will step down from her position as a governor of the Federal Reserve Board next Friday. Her term was due to expire in January, but her early resignation gives President Trump an opportunity to more quickly appoint someone who could eventually replace Jerome H. Powell as chair.

Ms. Kugler missed the Fed’s most recent policy meeting this week and did not vote. In a speech earlier last month, she said the Fed should not cut interest rates “for some time” as tariffs trickled through to consumer prices.

The opening on the board comes as Mr. Trump pressures the Fed to cut interest rates and publicly berates Mr. Powell, saying he should lower borrowing costs or resign. The president has also toyed with firing Mr. Powell or naming a successor before Mr. Powell’s term as chair ends in May. On Friday, he went so far as to call on the board to remove Mr. Powell from his position as chair.

The Fed statement about Ms. Kugler’s early resignation did not give a reason for her decision. The central bank declined to comment beyond the announcement.

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