Bitcoin (BTC) pehli decentralized cryptocurrency hai jo 2008 mein “Satoshi Nakamoto” ke pseudonym ke zariye white paper ke zariye introduce hui . Ye ek digital cash system hai jis mein transactions blockchain naam ke distributed ledger par record ki jati hain, jise koi central authority, jaise bank, control nahi karti .
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Pehchaan aur Wajood
Izhariyat: 31 October 2008 ko white paper "Bitcoin: A Peer‑to‑Peer Electronic Cash System" publish hua .
Shuruat: Ye 3 January 2009 ko launch hua jab Satoshi ne pehla "genesis block" mine kiya jisme headline judi hui thi “The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks” .
Maqam: Aaj Bitcoin sab se pehli cryptocurrency hai jo widely accepted hai aur duniya bhar mein millions log use karte hain.
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Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?
Peer‑to‑Peer Network: Bitcoin network full nodes ka ek jala hai jahan har node blockchain ki tally maintain karti hai. Kisi third party ki zarurat nahi .
Mining & Proof‑of‑Work: Transactions ko validate karne ke liye miners heavy computation karte hain. Har 10 minute mein ek naya block append hota hai, jise proof‑of‑work ke zariye security aur integrity di jati hai .
Double-Spending Ka Hal: Proof‑of‑work aur blockchain chaining system ensure karta hai ke ek bitcoin do martaba spend na ho — ye system peer consensus ke zariye mazboot rehta hai .
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Khas Funksan aur Mabadi
1. Decentralization: Bitcoin kisi central authority ya bank ke mutation mein nahi. Sab nodes network control karti hain .
2. Global Transactions: Duniya mein kahin bhi transaction low fees aur jaldi hota hai .
3. Open Source: Bitcoin ka source code public hai aur MIT license ke tehat free hai .
4. Fixed Supply: Total supply 21 million BTC tak limited hai, jisse scarcity bani rehti hai aur inflation se bacha ja sakta hai.
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Bitcoin Ka Ecosystem
Wallets: Bitcoin.org par users different wallets choose kar sakte hain—mobile, desktop, hardware waqera .
Bitcoin Core: Ye reference implementation hai, varzish karta rehta hai; recent version v28.2 June 2025 mein release hua .
Exchanges & Platforms: Bitcoin.com, Coinbase, Kraken, Crypto.com jaise platforms par BTC buy/sell/trade/mine kar sakte hain .
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Tariqi‑e‑Ibtida se Tabdeeli‑e‑Duniya
Pepehchan: 2008 tak digital payments banks ke zariye hoti thi, lekin Bitcoin ne financial intermediaries ke baghair cash transfer mumkin bana diya .
Adoption: 2021 mein El Salvador ne Bitcoin legal tender ka darja diya, aur investment ke liye bhi utilize hota hai .
Media & Legal: Whitepaper par Craig Wright ki copyright claim court mein reject hui, aur wapis Bitcoin.org par whitepaper upload hui May 2024 mein .
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Challenges & Risk
Environmental Concern: Mining bohat energy utilize karti hai, jis se environmental impact hota hai .
Volatility: BTC ka price kaafi tezi se upar neeche ja sakta hai, ismein nivesh risky ho sakta hai.
Regulations: Kuch mulkon mein regulation ya ban hai — jise abhi bhi governments decide nahi kar rahi hain.
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Mustaqbil Ka Raasta
Scaling Solutions: Lightning Network jaise layer‑2 solutions se transactions fast aur low-cost hongi.
Institutional Adoption: Institutions aur companies BTC ko apne portfolios mein shamil kar rahe hain.
Tech Evolution: Proof‑of‑work sustainability ke liye research ho rahi hai; alternative consensus protocols ka imkaan bhi hai.
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Khulasa
Bitcoin ek digital revolution hai jo peer-to-peer payments, limited supply, aur decentralized ledger ki wajah se uniquely powerful hai. Ye financial daira-e-ikhtiyar ko transform kar raha hai, lekin environmental concerns aur regulatory uncertainties abhi bhi jari hain. Lekin community, developers, aur institutions is ecosystem ko agey le jane ke istiqamat se kam kar rahi hain.
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