Trading operations refer to the processes and systems that support the buying and selling of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, or cryptocurrencies. These operations ensure transactions are executed accurately, settled on time, and recorded properly. Key functions include order management, trade execution, clearing, settlement, and compliance with regulatory requirements. Trading operations also involve risk management, reconciliation of accounts, and communication between brokers, exchanges, and custodians. Efficient trading operations are vital for maintaining market integrity, reducing operational risks, and supporting liquidity. In digital markets, automation and technology play a crucial role in streamlining these tasks and enhancing trading efficiency.