$BTC #Binance Cryptography is the art and science of securing communications to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation of information. It dates back thousands of years, but with the advent of computing and networking, it has become crucial to protecting information in the digital world.
### Basic Principles of Cryptography
1. **Confidentiality**: Only authorized people can access information.
2. **Integrity**: Information cannot be altered without detection.
3. **Authenticity**: Ensuring that the author or sender of a message is who they claim to be.
4. **Non-repudiation**: Preventing someone from denying that they sent or received a message.
### Fundamentals of Cryptography
1. **Symmetric Encryption**: Uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt data. Symmetric algorithms (such as AES and DES) are fast but require the key to be shared securely between parties.
2. **Asymmetric Encryption**: Uses two keys, one public and one private, to encrypt and decrypt. An example is the RSA algorithm. The public key is used for encryption and the private key is used for decryption, making it easier to share the key.
3. **Hash Functions**: Transform data into a short, fixed string of characters, called a hash, that is unique to the original data. They are used to ensure data integrity (e.g., SHA-256, MD5).
### Modern Applications of Cryptography
Cryptography is ubiquitous in today's digital world. It is used to secure online transactions, protect communications (such as encrypted emails), in blockchain and cryptocurrency systems, and in digital signatures.
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