146 Countries Are Now Building Digital Versions Of Their National Currencies — Here's Where Each One Actually Stands
While most crypto headlines chase price charts, a quieter revolution is reshaping global finance: central banks themselves are now building their own digital currencies — and the divide between who's leading and who's retreating just got a lot clearer.
According to the Atlantic Council's tracker, 146 countries and currency unions — representing over 98% of global GDP — are currently exploring a Central Bank Digital Currency, a number that has grown from just 87 back in May 2022.
◆ Only three countries worldwide have fully launched a retail CBDC to date: the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Nigeria
◆ 77 countries are now in the advanced exploration phase, covering development, pilot, or launch stages
◆ There are currently 41 active CBDC pilot projects running globally
◆ China's e-CNY remains the largest CBDC pilot on Earth — by December 2025, retail e-CNY had processed over 3.4 billion transactions worth roughly 16.7 trillion renminbi (about $2.3 trillion)
◆ In January 2026, the People's Bank of China reclassified e-CNY as deposit liabilities — a notable shift from its original design as pure digital cash
◆ mBridge, the fastest-growing cross-border wholesale CBDC project, has seen settlement volume climb to $55.49 billion — a roughly 2,500-fold increase since its early 2022 pilot stage
◆ Russia's central bank has confirmed its digital ruble law will take effect on schedule September 1, 2026, with a transition period running until July 2027
◆ The US House passed legislation banning retail CBDC issuance until 2030, making the United States an outlier among G20 peers — 18 of whom are in advanced CBDC exploration stages
◆ The European Central Bank plans to announce the outcome of its digital euro pilot participant screening this month, with potential first issuance targeted for 2029
What's emerging is a clear geographic pattern: advanced Western economies like Canada, Australia, and Norway have deprioritized retail CBDCs, while emerging markets such as Rwanda, Kazakhstan, and Bolivia are accelerating their own programs — largely in response to the rapid growth of dollar-backed stablecoins. Meanwhile, wholesale CBDC infrastructure between institutions, rather than public-facing retail currency, has become the primary focus for most central banks moving forward.
As stablecoins and CBDCs increasingly compete for the same role in global payments, which do you think central banks and citizens will ultimately trust more with their money?
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