Trading operations refer to the processes involved in executing, clearing, settling, and recording financial trades in markets such as stocks, bonds, commodities, and currencies. These operations ensure that trades are processed accurately and efficiently, involving multiple steps like trade confirmation, risk checks, compliance, and settlement. Key participants include traders, brokers, clearinghouses, custodians, and back-office teams. Effective trading operations are critical for maintaining financial market integrity and minimizing risks such as errors, fraud, or settlement failures. With increasing automation and technology, modern trading operations have become faster, more transparent, and highly regulated to ensure smooth financial transactions.