#MuskAmericaParty
Great, Charan! Here's a complete long answer on the stomach tailored for MBBS 1st year — neat, exam-ready, and easy to revise. You can directly write this in your records or use it for exams.
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Stomach – Long Answer
Introduction:
The stomach is a J-shaped muscular organ in the upper part of the abdomen, part of the digestive system. It acts as a temporary reservoir for food and plays a crucial role in mechanical and chemical digestion.
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Position:
Location: Upper left quadrant of the abdomen
Regions: Epigastric, left hypochondriac, and umbilical regions
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External Features:
The stomach has:
Two orifices:
Cardiac orifice (where esophagus opens)
Pyloric orifice (where it opens into duodenum)
Two curvatures:
Lesser curvature (right border, concave)
Greater curvature (left border, convex)
Two surfaces:
Anterior surface
Posterior surface
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Parts of the Stomach:
1. Cardiac part – around the cardiac orifice
2. Fundus – dome-shaped, above the level of the cardiac orifice
3. Body – central part
4. Pyloric part:
Pyloric antrum (wide)
Pyloric canal (narrow, leads to pylorus)
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Relations of the Stomach:
Anterior Relations:
Left lobe of liver
Diaphragm
Anterior abdominal wall
Spleen (upper left)
Posterior Relations (Stomach Bed):
Mnemonic: "SPLACKED"
Spleen
Pancreas
Left kidney and suprarenal gland
Aorta
Colon (transverse)
Diaphragm
Left crus of diaphragm
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Blood Supply:
Arteries (from celiac trunk):
Lesser curvature: Right and left gastric arteries
Greater curvature: Right and left gastroepiploic arteries
Fundus: Short gastric arteries
Veins:
Drain into portal vein via corresponding veins
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Lymphatic Drainage:
Drains into gastric and gastroepiploic nodes, then to celiac nodes
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Nerve Supply:
Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve – increases motility and secretion
Sympathetic: T6–T10 spinal segments via splanchnic nerves – vasoconstriction, reduces