#大而美法案 is a large-scale tax and spending bill promoted by the Trump administration, officially named the 'One Big Beautiful Bill Act', abbreviated as OBBBA. On July 3, 2025, local time, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the bill with 218 votes in favor and 214 votes against, and on July 4, Trump officially signed it into law. Here is a detailed introduction:

Massive Tax Cuts: The bill 'permanently' enshrines the tax cuts implemented by Trump in 2017, extending low tax rates for personal and corporate income, raising the tax-exempt standard for personal income, and increasing the tax exemptions for estate and gift taxes. Additionally, new tax-exempt policies for job-related expenses and tips are introduced, allowing for more state and local taxes to be deducted on federal tax returns.

Reduction of Social Welfare: Substantial cuts to social welfare spending, including Medicaid and food assistance, with plans to cut nearly $1 trillion in healthcare spending. It requires childless adults and parents of children over 14 to work, volunteer, or attend school for at least 80 hours per month; otherwise, they cannot apply for federal Medicaid.

Increased Defense and Border Enforcement Spending: An additional $150 billion for U.S. defense spending, including expanding naval ship production, as well as funding for missile defense, nuclear weapons, and related agencies. Furthermore, more than $46.5 billion is allocated for border wall construction, $45 billion to enhance the capacity for detaining illegal immigrants, and approximately $30 billion to strengthen the enforcement capabilities of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

Major Impacts

Worsening Debt Issues: The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates that the 'Big and Beautiful' Act will increase the federal deficit by $3.4 trillion by the end of 2034, projecting that by 2035, the U.S. national debt will exceed $52 trillion, accounting for nearly 120% of GDP.

Worsening Social Inequality: Although the tax cuts cover all income levels, high-income groups benefit significantly more. Meanwhile, the reduction in social welfare primarily affects vulnerable groups such as the poor and disabled, with an estimated 11.8 million Americans expected to lose health insurance by 2034, further exacerbating social inequality in the U.S.

Triggering Social Conflicts: The bill reflects the policy intentions of the Trump administration but has faced unanimous opposition from Democrats and has deepened rifts within the Republican Party regarding spending on immigration and other issues, potentially leading to further societal conflicts and divisions in the U.S.