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Cardano (ADA) is a third-generation blockchain platform designed to be more scalable, sustainable, and secure than earlier cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Launched in 2017 by Charles Hoskinson, a co-founder of Ethereum, Cardano uses a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism called Ouroboros, which is energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. It focuses heavily on academic research and peer-reviewed development, aiming to provide a balanced and sustainable ecosystem for decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts. Cardano is known for its layered architecture, which separates the ledger of account values from the reason why values are moved, increasing flexibility and scalability for future upgrades.