Iran, Russia, and the relatively less active China are using official media and global mainstream social media platforms to support Hamas, criticize Israel, and undermine Israel's main ally, the United States. Iran's proxy forces in Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq, as well as extremist organizations like Al-Qaeda and ISIS, which were previously at odds with Hamas, have also joined the online battle. Government officials and independent researchers state that propaganda and misinformation online are more rampant than ever, reflecting the fragmentation of global geopolitics.