Today is another day of market crash, with Bitcoin falling 3% and altcoins falling 30%. As an old investor in the cryptocurrency circle, this kind of market should be nothing new to me, so there is nothing much to say about the market. I have talked about a lot of altcoins recently, and they are all rubbish projects, just like the market, the big market is only 1% of the time, and 99% of the time it is rubbish.
As someone who is determined to help new investors, I must talk about Ethereum today!!!
Because Ethereum fell below 2500 today, there are various voices in the market that are pessimistic about Ethereum. I have mentioned many times that those who do not understand Ethereum and are pessimistic about Ethereum do not need to play in the cryptocurrency circle. Because they may not even read the most basic white paper of Ethereum, let alone the contribution Ethereum has made to the industry.
When Ethereum fell to 1400 some time ago, I also posted a video saying that there was nothing wrong with Ethereum and I was still bullish on Ethereum in the long term. On February 8, I posted a program (WLF sold all ETH, with a book loss of 10%).
According to the currency price at that time, I estimated that the selling price of WLF would be around 2700-2800, and I estimated that even if he took it back, his cost would definitely be higher than 3000 US dollars. Currently, there is still no movement in the address of WLF, and there are more than 100 million US dollars of U on the books, so this prediction continues!
Next, I will take you to improve your understanding of Ethereum. The picture below is the development roadmap of Ethereum. The "End Game of Ethereum" was proposed by Vitalik Buterin in his EthCC speech in 2021. This chart proposed in 2022, the recent Duncun and Pectra upgrades are following the route, and it may take up to 10 years to complete all the content.
Understanding this roadmap will greatly improve your understanding of Ethereum, and the explanation of this picture is also a lesson in Ethereum value interpretation in my (Blockchain Cognition Improvement Class).
Roadmap Overview
Vitalik’s roadmap is divided into several stages (often referred to as the 5S framework):
1. The Merge: In September 2022, Ethereum completed the switch from PoW to PoS, achieving a 99% reduction in energy consumption, which is basically completed.
2. The Surge: The pursuit of extreme scalability - including fragmentation (Sharding), L2 rollups and data availability (Blob/EIP-4844) combined, the goal is to handle high TPS, currently 100,000 TPS.
3.The Verge: Introducing single-slot finality (SSF), VDF, and statelessness to enhance the security of the consensus mechanism.
4. The Scourge: Improving defense capabilities against external attacks, including anti-censorship, resistance to MEV, and enhanced security
5. The Purge: Reduce the state on the chain, thereby lowering the threshold for node operation, often used with fragmentation and statelessness
In addition, Vitalik often mentions Splurge (additional additional features) and Layer-0/big ecosystem vision, such as better privacy, I-chain collaboration and governance tools, etc.
Current progress
Important work directions in 2025
1.Pectra Upgrade
After it was completed on May 7, 2025, Ethereum rose sharply at that time. This time, the main aspects were to optimize AA, optimize the validator experience, expand Blob throughput, improve L2 support, optimize the underlying performance and EVM, etc.
2. Single Slot Finality (SSF) and ZK-Rollups
We are developing SSF that will allow blocks to be confirmed extremely quickly, shortening the finalization time to a single slot (12 seconds).
Ethereum currently uses the Gasper consensus mechanism (LMD GHOST + FFG), and blocks need to go through two rounds of validator voting ("justify" and "finalize") before they can be considered final and irreversible;
The finalization time is about 12.8 minutes (2 epochs), which is not friendly to user experience and L2 construction.
The goal of SSF is to complete voting + final confirmation within one slot (12 seconds); completely abandon the traditional 2 epoch (about 12 minutes) finalization delay;
Why use ZK? ZK-Rollup is "fast correctness on the client side", SSF is "fast finality on the consensus side", and the combination of the two can form a full-stack ultra-fast chain. Therefore, only SSF + ZK-Rollup can make cross-chain operations, flash swaps, and contract calls as fast as a single chain.
ZK-Rollups combined with SSF have been deployed on the test network. It is expected that the main network pilot will be launched in Q2-Q3 2025 to complete cross-rollup communication. The main network is estimated to be launched in 2027-2028. Once SSF is launched, it means that the door to high-speed public chains is completely closed!
3. Next Upgrade: Fusaka (Fulu-Osaka)
The official roadmap shows that Pectra will be followed by an upgrade codenamed "Fusaka" (also known as Fulu-Osaka), which is expected to go online in late 2025 to 2026.
This upgrade will focus on the "Verkle tree" - the core content of the Verge stage, and is expected to integrate Peer-DAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling), with the goal of making nodes lighter and verification more efficient.
Why is Fusaka important?
Promote overall decentralization: Enable light node participation through Verkle, reducing the time and hardware requirements for syncing history;
Improve scalability: Use technologies such as Rust, Go, and Eip‑7673 to make Rollup applications cheaper and faster.
Reduce risk by phases: Avoid merging multiple large changes in one upgrade, giving the community more time to debug.
Summarize
Ethereum is advancing slowly according to its own holy roadmap (self-proclaimed by Vitalik Buterin). Although the speed is very slow, there is no other way. It carries hundreds of billions of funds, which means that the system cannot make even a little mistake, otherwise it will be a bloody lesson. Therefore, it can only be updated slowly, but Ethereum is getting better, stronger, and faster. Moreover, Vitalik Buterin's roadmap at least builds a technical development route for the next 10 years, and the vision is still very broad. Therefore, we should not look at a long-term project with a short-term perspective. Vitalik Buterin has shifted his focus from short-term gas expansion to long-term protocol resilience and ecological integrity.
Finally, everyone is welcome to join the (Blockchain Cognition Improvement Class) to improve your cognition and broaden your horizons!
