The core value of cryptography is to reconstruct the trust system. Blockchain achieves data immutability through distributed ledgers, while zero-knowledge proofs strike a balance between privacy and transparency. The current challenge lies in scaling applications and regulatory collaboration. In the future, it is necessary to break through performance bottlenecks and establish cross-chain interoperability standards. The game between privacy coins and compliance reflects the collision between decentralization and reality, requiring developers to find intersections between technological innovation and legal frameworks. The explosion of Web3 will rely on the combination of underlying protocol optimization and user-friendly experiences.