$ETH is the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, launched in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin and others. Unlike Bitcoin, Ethereum is a programmable blockchain that supports smart contracts—self-executing code enabling decentralized applications (dApps). It powers sectors like DeFi, NFTs, and Web3 development. ETH is the native currency used to pay gas fees for network transactions. In 2022, Ethereum transitioned from Proof of Work to Proof of Stake via “The Merge,” reducing energy consumption significantly. Its upgrade path includes scalability improvements like sharding. Ethereum remains a key driver of blockchain innovation, attracting developers, investors, and enterprises across the globe.