In 2021, Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, outlined plans to scale Ethereum to 100,000 transactions per second (TPS) through rollup technology$ETH
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At the time, Ethereum’s Layer 1 processed around 15 TPS, but Buterin highlighted that rollups—Layer 2 solutions that handle computations off-chain—could boost this to 1,000–4,000 TPS within weeks. He noted that optimistic rollups, which are EVM-compatible, were nearing launch, offering a temporary solution to high fees and congestion until sharding and Ethereum 2.0’s Proof-of-Stake transition were fully implemented. Buterin emphasized that rollups, combined with sharding in Ethereum 2.0’s Phase 1, could achieve 100,000 TPS by providing massive throughput increases (up to 6,400x with sharding and rollups combined). This approach aimed to address Ethereum’s scalability issues while maintaining decentralization, serving as a bridge until the full Ethereum 2.0 rollout.
