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Cryptocurrency is a type of digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security, making it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend. Unlike traditional currencies controlled by governments or central banks, most cryptocurrencies operate on decentralized networks using blockchain technology — a public ledger that records all transactions across a network of computers.

Bitcoin, launched in 2009, was the first and remains the most well-known cryptocurrency, but thousands of alternatives now exist, including Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple. Cryptocurrencies offer advantages such as lower transaction fees, global access, and increased privacy. However, they also carry risks like price volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and the potential for cyberattacks.

Many investors see cryptocurrency as a speculative asset, while others believe it represents the future of money and finance. As governments and financial institutions explore digital currencies, the crypto space continues to evolve, shaping the future of the global economy.