$ETH co-founder Vitalik Buterin has outlined a comprehensive roadmap to enhance the security and finality of Ethereum's Layer 2 (L2) solutions. This roadmap focuses on three primary areas:Binance+4Binance+4Binance+4Binance

  1. Expanding Data Capacity: The Pectra upgrade has increased blob space to six units, with plans to extend it to 72 units by the end of the year through the Fusaka upgrade. This expansion aims to meet the transaction throughput demands of L2. Binance+4Binance+4Binance+4

  2. Hybrid Proof System for Rapid Finalization: A hybrid proof system combining optimistic proofs, zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs, and trusted execution environment (TEE) hardware proofs is proposed. Immediate finalization occurs when both ZK and TEE validations are successful; otherwise, a seven-day optimistic challenge period is required. This approach balances immediate finalization with attack resistance. Binance+1Binance+1

  3. Unified ZK Proof Aggregation Layer: The roadmap suggests building a standardized proof aggregation protocol across the ecosystem, allowing multiple applications to share the cost of a single proof. This approach significantly reduces ZK verification expenses and promotes the adoption of L2 and privacy protocols. Binance+1Binance+1

The Pectra Upgrade: Enhancing Scalability and Security

Launched on May 7, 2025, the Pectra upgrade integrates the 'Prague' and 'Electra' upgrade plans, encompassing 11 Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) aimed at boosting network scalability, security, and user experience. Key enhancements include:Binance+8Binance+8Binance+8

  • Account Abstraction (EIP-7702): Simplifies user interactions with smart contracts.

  • Increased Validator Cap (EIP-7251): Allows for more validators, enhancing network decentralization.Binance

  • Doubling Data Block Throughput (EIP-7691): Reduces Layer 2 transaction costs by increasing data availability.Binance+3Binance+3Binance+3

Governance and Community Involvement

Ethereum core developer Tim Beiko has introduced a proposal aimed at enhancing the governance process of Ethereum.The proposal focuses on optimizing the selection of hard fork 'flagship features' by defining clear fork objectives, limiting each layer to a maximum of one flagship feature, employing a 'barbell' strategy to strengthen community feedback, formalizing working groups, and documenting the governance process. This initiative seeks to improve transparency and decision-making legitimacy while maintaining Ethereum's community-driven nature.Binance+4Binance+4Binance+4Binance+1Binance+1