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Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital assets stored on blockchains like Ethereum, representing ownership of items like art, music, virtual real estate, or collectibles.
Unlike fungible cryptocurrencies, NFTs are indivisible, with metadata ensuring authenticity via standards like ERC-721.
In 2021, the NFT market exploded to $25 billion, driven by sales like Beeple’s $69 million artwork and high-value CryptoPunks.
However, volatility is rampant many NFTs lose value rapidly. Use cases span gaming (e.g., Axie Infinity’s play-to-earn model), metaverse assets (Decentraland), and tokenized physical assets.
Benefits include creator royalties and verifiable scarcity, but issues like Ethereum’s past energy consumption (pre-2022 merge), scams, and unclear regulations persist.
Wash trading and speculative bubbles raise concerns, with 2023 seeing a market cooldown. Still, innovations like fractional NFTs and cross-chain compatibility signal potential. NFTs could redefine digital ownership, but their future hinges on accessibility, utility, and trust.