The decline in birth rates is a natural reaction of the people to an overly stressful life.
When you are doing everything you can just to survive, you have neither the time nor the interest to consider having children.
There are similarities between China and South Korea, but South Korea is more extreme, as Chinese young people at least have a fallback option; if they can't make it in big cities, they can return to their hometowns, and the social tolerance is relatively high. Young people in South Korea, on the other hand, if they can't succeed in Seoul, are considered losers.
Economically, the situation is also similar, with low personal consumption, high fixed assets, and increasing foreign exchange reserves.
Perhaps it is all a legacy of the 1997 financial crisis; there is a kind of phobia about being cut by Wall Street, thus desperately accumulating foreign exchange reserves, which leads to the above economic model.
Japan is a pioneer, but Japan's military strength is the pinnacle of this model, and the Plaza Accord has led to a decline in Japanese exports.
Let's see what the results of this round of tariff wars will be; perhaps it has suppressed China's exports, but that is not necessarily a bad thing.
Could South Korea even benefit from this disaster? But this also means that the problems are further delayed.
Until the birth rate serves as this hard cap.