Global warming refers to the long-term heating of Earth's surface since the pre-industrial period (roughly 1850-1900) due to human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels. This warming is causing changes in weather patterns, rising sea levels, and harm to ecosystems. The main culprits are greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere. 

Causes:

Burning fossil fuels: Fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when burned for energy. 

Deforestation: Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, so deforestation reduces the planet's ability to absorb this gas. 

Industrial processes: Many industrial activities release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. 

Effects:

Rising temperatures:

The planet's average surface temperature has risen by about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) since the late 19th century. 

Changes in weather patterns:

Global warming leads to more frequent and intense extreme weather events like heatwaves, droughts, floods, and storms. 

Rising sea levels:

Melting glaciers and ice sheets, combined with thermal expansion of water, are causing sea levels to rise. 

Ocean acidification:

The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, making it more acidic, which harms marine life. 

Disruption of ecosystems:

Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns are disrupting natural ecosystems and threatening species. 

Solutions:

Transition to renewable energy:

Moving away from fossil fuels and towards solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 

Improving energy efficiency:

Using less energy for transportation, heating, and other activities can also help reduce emissions. 

Protecting and restoring forests:

Trees help absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, so protecting and planting trees can help mitigate global warming. 

Implementing carbon pricing:

Putting a price on carbon emissions can incentivize companies and individuals to reduce their carbon footprint. 

International cooperation:

Addressing global warming requires cooperation among countries to set emissions targets and implement policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.