Definition of Modularity

Modularity refers to the process of breaking down a complex system or process into several semi-autonomous subsystems that can be independently designed according to certain rules, and then integrating these subsystems with each other. The decomposition process is called modular decomposition, and the integration process is called modular centralization. A module is a semi-autonomous subsystem that, through certain rules, connects with other similar subsystems to form a more complex system or process.

## Applications of Modularity in Different Fields

- **Software Development**: In system software design, the modular design method is basically followed to correspond to various modules of hardware circuits. For example, using “object-oriented” and “modular” design methods for software and hardware can make artillery control systems work intelligently. In front-end development, WebComponent helps in the componentized development of UI, while MV* frameworks at its upper layer focus on how to build applications.

- **Data Centers**: Totem modular cabinets are applied to the hot and cold aisles of data centers and micro-module units. Their front and rear chambers are tightly sealed to prevent cold air leakage. In the construction field, the Mars partition system is a truly detachable and modular partition system, featuring various finishes, product series, and options, organized based on modular design concepts to facilitate maintenance and expansion.

## Development of Modularity Theory

According to the views of Japanese industrial economists, the earliest discussions on modularity can be traced back to Adam Smith's theory of division of labor, which extends the concept of division of labor at the enterprise level to the field of industrial organization, representing the simplest understanding of modularity.

- Reduce Costs: Through the standardization and generalization of modules, production costs can be reduced. Moreover, during maintenance and upgrades, only the corresponding modules need to be replaced, thus lowering maintenance costs.

- Enhance Flexibility: Manufacturers can flexibly combine different modules based on market demands and customer requirements, launching diversified products to meet the needs of different users.

- **Facilitate Maintenance and Expansion**: In a modular system, each module is relatively independent, making it easy to locate and repair issues when they arise. Additionally, modules can be conveniently added or replaced as needed, enabling system expansion.