The restriction on transactions by members of Congress is a necessary measure to prevent conflicts of interest and maintain public credibility. Members have access to insider information on policies, and if they are not constrained from participating in financial transactions such as stocks and bonds, they may exploit their power for personal gain, leading to corruption. The U.S. 'Securities Act' requires members to disclose transactions within 45 days, but the penalties for violations are relatively weak; China's 'Civil Servant Law' prohibits public servants from securities investment, but there are ambiguities in enforcement. An effective system needs to combine mandatory disclosure, trading freeze periods, and stringent penalties, while also establishing independent supervisory bodies. The key is to strike a balance between public ethics and property rights, avoiding the 'self-enrichment of legislators', otherwise it will erode public trust in democratic institutions.