Question 58: How does SCDO prevent malicious behavior of nodes?
Answer: In the SCDO network, most nodes are miner nodes or full nodes, which verify each other by running the protocol to prevent a minority of nodes from misbehaving:
1) Consensus Constraints: If malicious nodes attempt to publish blocks that do not comply with the rules (such as tampering with transactions or double spending), honest nodes will reject the block due to verification failure, preventing malicious actors from spreading false messages across the network.
2) Light Chain Verification: In a sharded architecture, if a shard maliciously fails to execute cross-shard transactions or forges states, other shards can identify anomalies and refuse to recognize them through light chain and cross-shard verification requests, preventing a single error from affecting the entire network.
3) Economic Incentives: Miner nodes need to consume electricity for mining and are incentivized for accurate bookkeeping. If malicious behavior results in the blocks they mine being invalid, the computational power previously expended is wasted, and rational nodes will not engage in prolonged malicious activities that harm their profits.
4) Punishment Mechanism: For sub-chain nodes, the main chain's challenge mechanism can be seen as a form of punishment — if a sub-chain validator is caught misbehaving, the SCDO tokens staked on the main chain can be confiscated