Question 53: What known blockchain attacks can SCDO resist?
Answer: SCDO has considered various known attack vectors in its design and has taken protective measures:
First, for the 51% attack, the ZPoW multi-target algorithm increases the difficulty of the attack and prevents attackers from monopolizing block creation for long periods with a single algorithm.
Second, in response to selfish mining attacks (where miners intentionally delay the release of blocks for profit), SCDO's fast block time and multi-sharding reduce the benefits of selfish mining, while community monitoring can promptly detect abnormal hash power behavior.
Third, witching attacks are inherently limited in PoW networks because creating massive false identities does not increase hash power but instead dilutes its efficiency. SCDO can resist this type of attack without additional measures.
Fourth, double-spending attacks occur when an asset attempts to be used in two transactions. Similar to Bitcoin, SCDO prevents double-spending through the longest chain consensus principle: once a transaction is confirmed on the chain, double-spending requires overturning existing blocks, which is not feasible with insufficient hash power. Additionally, the sharding design ensures that cross-shard transactions are ultimately consistent, preventing successful double-spending across different shards.
Fifth, denial-of-service attacks (DDoS): SCDO's P2P network utilizes random broadcasting and verification mechanisms, quickly discarding large amounts of invalid data without propagating it across the network. Miners also prioritize processing genuine transactions with higher fees, making it difficult for DDoS attacks to incapacitate the network.
Sixth, smart contract vulnerabilities: Although contracts are written by developers, SCDO provides a mature EVM environment compatible with various auditing tools and secure development models, allowing developers to leverage known best practices to avoid repeating Solidity vulnerabilities. Additionally, SCDO has no special backdoors, and once a contract is published, it cannot be arbitrarily modified, ensuring consistency in contract execution from a mechanistic perspective. Overall, SCDO can effectively resist consensus layer attacks such as 51% attacks, double-spending, DDoS, etc., and provides a mature platform for the security of smart contract application layers. No system is absolutely secure, but SCDO has made adequate preparations against known threats.