Question 51: How does the SCDO network ensure security?
Answer: SCDO employs multiple layers of measures to ensure the security and robustness of the blockchain network: first, in terms of consensus mechanisms, it adopts PoW (ZPoW), a consensus model proven to be secure, ensuring that no one can easily tamper with block records. Only miners who invest real computing power and work according to the rules can write blocks, requiring attackers to expend enormous resources to potentially disrupt the network, fundamentally guaranteeing the immutability of the ledger.
Secondly, in terms of network architecture, SCDO introduces sharding and sub-chains, but each shard is maintained by a sufficient number of miners, and cross-shard consistency is ensured through cross-validation (light chain), preventing a situation where a single shard is damaged without being discovered. The main chain monitors the sub-chains to prevent cheating from spreading to the main network. Thirdly, SCDO uses mature cryptographic algorithms (such as ECDSA elliptic curve signatures) to ensure transaction signatures and account security, with private keys held only by users, ensuring that account assets can only be managed by their owners. Fourthly, the open-source audit mechanism enhances security: after code is made public, it is scrutinized by community developers, enabling timely identification and fixing of potential vulnerabilities. The SCDO team also has experienced security researchers who continually test for vulnerabilities.
Fifth, network design should prevent common attacks, such as DDoS resistance (reducing the impact of large-scale attacks by randomizing topology through a P2P network), witch attack resistance (the cost requirements of PoW itself make witch nodes meaningless), and responding to sudden increases or decreases in computing power through difficulty adjustments. Through these means, SCDO achieves comprehensive security protection from consensus, cryptography, network protocols to implementation layers, maximizing the protection of on-chain data and user assets.
Question 52: Has SCDO addressed the security risks posed by computing power monopoly?
Answer: Yes, this is one of the key points of SCDO's security design. Computing power monopoly refers to a small number of miners holding most of the computing power, which could launch attacks or manipulate the network. SCDO reduces the possibility of computing power monopoly significantly by weakening mining machine advantages through the ZPoW algorithm and balancing multiple algorithms.
Specifically reflected in:
1) Hardware equality: Due to the special algorithm, ordinary graphics cards and even CPUs can participate in mining, and professional mining farms no longer have an overwhelming advantage as in Bitcoin. This naturally makes computing power more decentralized among many small and medium miners.
2) Multi-algorithm offset: Even if a miner has strong computing power in one algorithm, the network will increase the difficulty of that algorithm, forcing them to compete with other miners. Large miners cannot maintain an advantage across all algorithms simultaneously.
3) Sharding parallelism: Miners need to choose sharding for mining, and multi-chain parallelism makes it more difficult for a single miner to monopolize all shards of the network, requiring at least multiple resources to be invested.
4) No pre-mining and fair distribution: No teams or early investors hold a large number of tokens, thus there are no privileged miner positions economically. Due to these measures, SCDO has largely avoided the situation where the top few mining pools control more than half of the computing power, as seen with Bitcoin. The more decentralized the network's computing power, the higher the security. Therefore, it can be said that SCDO, through technical means and distribution mechanisms, has effectively mitigated the risks of computing power monopoly, adding a layer of security to the network. Of course, continued community attention is needed on miner structures to prevent new centralization trends, and adjustments in parameters or algorithm upgrades can be made when such trends are discovered.
Question 53: What known blockchain attacks can SCDO defend against?
Answer: SCDO has considered various known attack vectors in its design and taken protective measures: first, against 51% attacks, the ZPoW multi-target algorithm increases the difficulty of attacks and prevents attackers from monopolizing block creation for long periods using a single algorithm.
Secondly, in response to selfish mining attacks (where miners deliberately delay the release of blocks for profit), SCDO's fast block times and multi-sharding reduce the benefits of selfish mining, while community monitoring can promptly detect abnormal computing power behavior.
Thirdly, witch attacks are naturally restricted in PoW networks because creating a large number of fake identities does not increase computing power, but instead dilutes their own efficiency, so SCDO can resist such attacks without additional measures. Fourth, double spending attacks, where an asset attempts to be used in two transactions.
SCDO, like Bitcoin, prevents double spending through the longest chain consensus principle: once a transaction is confirmed on-chain, to double spend, one must overturn existing blocks, which cannot be achieved with insufficient computing power. The sharding design also ensures that cross-shard transactions are ultimately consistent, preventing successful double spending across different shards.
Fifth, denial-of-service attacks (DDoS): SCDO's P2P network employs a random broadcasting and verification mechanism, rapidly discarding a large amount of invalid data without transmitting it across the network, and miners will prioritize processing real transactions with high fees, making it difficult for DDoS to paralyze the network.
Sixth, smart contract vulnerabilities: Although contracts are written by developers, SCDO provides a mature EVM environment compatible with various audit tools and security development models, allowing developers to utilize known best practices to avoid repeating Solidity vulnerabilities. At the same time, SCDO has no special backdoors; once a contract is deployed, it cannot be arbitrarily modified, fundamentally ensuring the consistency of contract execution. Overall, SCDO can effectively defend against consensus layer attacks such as 51% attacks, double spending, and DDoS, and provides a mature platform for smart contract application layer security. No system is absolutely secure, but SCDO has made adequate preparations for known threats.
Question 54: How is the security of SCDO's smart contracts guaranteed?
Answer: Smart contract security in SCDO is primarily guaranteed through platform mechanisms and developer practices. In terms of platform mechanisms, SCDO inherits the Ethereum verification execution model: contract code executes within the EVM virtual machine, isolated from the underlying state, preventing contracts from directly accessing off-chain systems and causing damage.
At the same time, each contract call has a gas limit; infinite loops or extremely large calculations will be safely terminated due to gas exhaustion, preventing malicious contracts from freezing the network. Transaction and contract data are confirmed by consensus and irreversibly recorded on-chain, with contract results being transparent and public, not subject to unilateral tampering. Additionally, SCDO has introduced some optimizations to enhance contract security: for example, in response to known Ethereum DAO vulnerabilities, developers can use mature versions of Solidity and security libraries to avoid repeating past vulnerabilities.
SCDO's official team may also provide contract templates and auditing services for project parties to reference. On the other hand, security also depends on the developers themselves.
SCDO supports and encourages the use of audited open-source contract frameworks (such as the OpenZeppelin library) for development, and can utilize existing security tools from Ethereum (such as MythX, Slither, etc., for static analysis) to review SCDO contracts, as both operate in similar environments. The community also advocates for third-party audits of important contracts. Although SCDO itself cannot prevent developers from writing vulnerable contracts, most common vulnerabilities can be avoided through a well-established development environment and accumulated experience.
In summary, the SCDO smart contract platform is secure and transparent in its underlying execution, while the specific contract security requires developers to follow best practices and combine community supervision to achieve.
Question 55: Has SCDO undergone third-party security audits?
Answer: As of now, the core protocol code of SCDO has not been publicly released with a comprehensive audit report from a well-known security company. However, as an open-source project, SCDO has undergone extensive review by community developers and has been tested through long-term mainnet operation.
Since the mainnet launched in 2021, there have been no major security incidents, which indirectly proves the reliability of the code.
In addition, team members include experienced blockchain researchers and algorithm experts who conducted rigorous testing and formal verification during the development process.
Some blockchain security communities have also studied and discussed SCDO's consensus algorithm and found no obvious vulnerabilities. Of course, a formal third-party audit can further increase trust. SCDO or its community may invite independent auditing agencies to review key modules (such as consensus, security protocols, and contract VMs) in the future and make the results public.
If users are concerned about security audit conditions, they can pay attention to project official announcements.
Currently, users can evaluate the project's security by viewing SCDO's GitHub commit history and issues, as well as mainnet operation data.
Not having an audit does not mean it is unsafe, but a formal audit serves as a professional endorsement. In summary, the core code of SCDO has been running in a public environment for many years and has undergone a certain validation of security. If authoritative audit reports can be introduced in the future, it will further enhance the community's confidence in the project's security.
Question 56: What measures does SCDO have in place to prevent on-chain scams or illegal activities?
Answer: Like most public chains, SCDO itself is a neutral technology platform that does not have built-in functionality for reviewing transaction content. Therefore, it cannot actively filter scams or illegal transactions, as this would violate decentralization principles. However, to protect user interests and the health of the ecosystem, the SCDO community and development team have taken some measures on a soft level:
1) Compliance reminder: Through official websites, white papers, and community channels, remind users to pay attention to project investment and usage risks, not to trust promotional claims of 'guaranteed returns,' and emphasize that on-chain assets are at their own risk.
2) Blacklist publication: The community can voluntarily organize known scam addresses or contracts and publish them for user reference to avoid interaction with these addresses (but on-chain interactions will not be prevented; this is just a warning).
3) Cooperative supervision: If certain serious illegal activities occur (such as money laundering), the SCDO team will cooperate with judicial investigations, such as providing on-chain public data analysis support.
4) Tool support: Encourage the development of third-party tools to provide risk assessment prompts for user transactions, for example, wallet software can mark known scam contracts, reminding users to be cautious before signing. It is important to understand that the SCDO network itself will not prevent any transactions; good or bad, all are recorded on-chain. Therefore, users need to be more vigilant to identify various scam tactics. The official stance is: education is more important than interception, and by enhancing user security awareness and providing information transparency, the likelihood of illegal activities succeeding can be reduced. In summary, SCDO provides an open platform; while it cannot directly prevent crime like centralized institutions, it can curb the spread of illegal activities to a certain extent through community autonomy and external regulatory cooperation.
Question 57: How is the security of SCDO's wallets and private keys ensured?
Answer: In blockchain, the security of wallets and private keys is mainly determined by user behavior and the design of wallet software.
SCDO's official wallet follows industry security standards during development: private keys are stored locally in encrypted form, not stored in plain text or uploaded to servers; the wallet provides a mnemonic backup mechanism, allowing users to recover assets in case of device loss. When users create a wallet for the first time, they must write down and securely keep the mnemonic (or keystore + password), as this is the only proof for asset recovery. SCDO's wallet strongly reminds users not to disclose their mnemonic or private keys to anyone, as team members will not ask for them.
To further ensure security, users can store large amounts of assets in cold wallets or hardware wallets—currently, SCDO may be compatible with some general hardware wallets or achieve cold storage through offline signing. During transactions, the wallet uses cryptographic signatures, and the private key is not directly exposed to the network.
In response to common phishing attacks, official channels will list identification methods to avoid users downloading fake wallet applications. In summary, not leaking the private key is fundamental; once users properly store it locally, SCDO's wallet mechanism can ensure asset security.
It is important to emphasize that once encrypted assets are stolen due to private key leakage, they cannot be recovered. Therefore, users must play the role of 'their own bank.' Backing up multiple times, ensuring proper storage, and being vigilant against phishing websites and malicious software are the best ways to protect SCDO asset security.
Question 58: How does SCDO prevent malicious behavior by nodes?
Answer: In the SCDO network, most nodes are mining nodes or full nodes, which can verify each other by running protocols to prevent a small number of nodes from misbehaving:
1) Consensus constraints: Malicious nodes attempting to publish blocks that do not comply with rules (such as tampering with transactions or double spending) will be rejected by honest nodes due to verification failure, and malicious actors cannot spread false messages across the network.
2) Light chain verification: In the sharding architecture, if a shard maliciously fails to execute cross-shard transactions or forges states, other shards can identify anomalies and refuse recognition through light chains and cross-shard verification requests, preventing a single error from affecting the entire network.
3) Economic incentives: Mining nodes need to consume electricity to mine, with incentives for accurate bookkeeping. If malicious behavior results in blocks they mined being invalidated, then previous computing power would be wasted, and rational nodes would not continue to behave maliciously at the expense of their own profits.
4) Punishment mechanism: For sub-chain nodes, the main chain's challenge mechanism can be viewed as a form of punishment—if a sub-chain validator is caught misbehaving, the SCDO tokens staked on the main chain can be confiscated.
Question 59: Is the SCDO network vulnerable to quantum computing threats?
Answer: Currently, SCDO uses elliptic curve encryption algorithms similar to Bitcoin, and its short-term resistance to general quantum computing is comparable to other mainstream chains.
Truly powerful quantum computers may crack existing signature algorithms, but such capabilities have not yet emerged globally. Once quantum threats come close, SCDO can respond by upgrading cryptographic algorithms through hard forks (such as introducing quantum-resistant signatures).
Therefore, in terms of current technological status, SCDO has a low risk to security from quantum computing, but the team and community will continue to monitor the progress of quantum technology and prepare upgrade solutions in advance.
Question 60: How should SCDO handle unexpected vulnerabilities or network forks?
Answer: If serious vulnerabilities are discovered, the SCDO development team will quickly release patches and notify node operators to upgrade the software to close security loopholes. For unexpected network forks (for example, due to version inconsistencies causing chain splits), the community will select the legitimate chain through communication and negotiation: usually following the longest chain principle or the chain supported by the majority of miners as the main chain. The development team may convene miners and exchanges to unify actions to merge or discard the split chain. Additionally, the SCDO open-source community will also participate in decision-making to ensure that the handling process is transparent and fair. In short, in emergencies, quick response and community consensus is the strategy SCDO uses to solve problems to minimize impact.
Question 61: What practical applications does SCDO currently have in its ecosystem?
Answer: The SCDO ecosystem is still in the early expansion stage, and there are already some infrastructure applications and exemplary projects online. For example, an official blockchain explorer (such as SCDOscan) is provided for users to query transaction and block information, and an official wallet is used for securely storing and transferring SCDO. In the community aspect, some decentralized finance (DeFi) experimental projects, NFT minting and trading platforms are under development. There is also a stablecoin, scUSDO, issued on the SCDO chain to provide users with assets pegged to fiat currency. With more developers getting involved, various industry DApps (such as games, social networking, supply chains) are expected to gradually emerge, enriching SCDO's practical application scenarios.
Question 62: What types of decentralized applications (DeFi, NFT, etc.) does SCDO support?
Answer: Since SCDO is fully compatible with EVM smart contracts, various popular DApp types on Ethereum can theoretically be realized on SCDO.
In terms of DeFi, decentralized exchanges, lending protocols, yield farms, and other financial applications can be built. In terms of NFTs, SCDO supports NFT minting and trading, allowing unique tokens for artworks, game items, etc.
Game and metaverse applications can also deploy sub-chains to meet high-frequency interactions. Even cross-chain asset management and on-chain governance DApps can migrate to SCDO.
In summary, from financial services to digital collectibles to social networks, the SCDO ecosystem covers almost all imaginable blockchain application scenarios. High performance and low transaction fees make these applications run more friendly on SCDO.
Question 63: How do developers develop DApps on SCDO?
Answer: The experience of developing DApps on SCDO is very similar to that on Ethereum. First, you need to be familiar with smart contract languages like Solidity, and then use the SDK and documentation provided by SCDO to set up the development environment.
You can use common Ethereum development tools like Truffle or Hardhat, pointing the RPC endpoint to SCDO nodes to deploy and debug contracts.
The SCDO team provides a complete API interface and sample code, and developers can also refer to SCDO's Gitbook or Wiki. Deploying contracts and calling through the Web3 library is consistent with Ethereum.
After testing is completed, configure the DApp frontend to connect to the SCDO network (for example, through Metamask custom RPC or the official wallet).
Due to EVM compatibility, many Ethereum DApps can be migrated to SCDO with one click, needing only minor parameter adjustments. Therefore, as long as developers have Ethereum development experience, they can quickly start DApp development on SCDO and implement smart contract applications.
Question 64: What basic infrastructures (such as wallets, browsers) does SCDO provide to support the ecosystem?
Answer: The SCDO official and community have built a complete infrastructure: there is a SCDO blockchain explorer for easy querying of on-chain data, with every transaction and block being transparent and traceable; there is an official wallet application (for both mobile and PC) for users to securely manage assets; and for developers, smart contract compilation and deployment tools and SDKs are provided to facilitate rapid development and debugging of contracts.
The network is also integrated into some third-party multi-chain wallets (such as HyperPay) for broader user access.
Additionally, SCDO operates public node services and RPC interfaces, lowering the entry barrier for DApp front-end access. Some oracle services and cross-chain bridges are also being integrated to support future complex applications. Overall, the infrastructure of the SCDO ecosystem continues to enrich, creating a one-stop friendly environment for users and developers.
Question 65: What is the scale and activity level of the SCDO community?
Answer: SCDO has a global community base, particularly with loyal followers in both Chinese and English-speaking circles. Currently, the SCDO Chinese community actively shares project progress and educational content on social platforms (such as the SCDO topic post on Binance Square). The official team regularly updates technical developments and event announcements on Medium and Twitter(X). Community volunteers have also established Telegram discussion groups, Weibo public accounts, etc., to interact with fans.
Overall, the scale is not huge compared to top public chains, but the core community is quite active, enthusiastic about discussing technology and contributing ideas. With the increase of ecological projects, the developer community is also growing, with more people starting to submit code or propose improvements on GitHub.
SCDO also holds online AMAs and other activities to engage users. It can be said that although SCDO is still in its early growth stage, the community atmosphere has already formed, with members having confidence in the project and being willing to collaborate and promote it, which is an important force driving the development of the ecosystem.
Question 66: Does SCDO have collaborations with other blockchains or institutions?
Answer: SCDO actively seeks collaboration with the industry. Technically, it is compatible with the Ethereum EVM, forming a natural bridge with the Ethereum ecosystem, facilitating cross-chain deployment of projects. The SCDO team also collaborates with some digital wallets and platforms, such as HyperPay wallet supporting SCDO assets, enhancing user accessibility.
Moreover, SCDO has participated in some blockchain industry alliances and conferences, exchanging scaling and consensus technology experiences with other public chain projects. In terms of applications, SCDO intends to combine with the physical industry to explore cooperation in areas such as IoT DePIN, providing blockchain solutions for traditional industries. Although no particularly significant institutional cooperation projects have been announced yet, it can be anticipated that as the ecosystem matures, more enterprises and projects will be willing to build their businesses on SCDO.
Collaborative openness is also one of SCDO's characteristics—a completely open-source architecture means anyone can connect with no permission required. Overall, SCDO is in a phase of active external collaboration and ecosystem introduction, and in the future, it will work with more upstream and downstream partners to promote the landing of blockchain applications.
Question 67: Does SCDO provide developer incentives or ecosystem support plans?
Answer: Yes. To promote the ecosystem, the SCDO community and team may have launched some developer incentive measures. For example, establishing an ecological fund to provide financial or technical support to teams developing important DApps on SCDO; holding hackathons or development competitions to reward outstanding application ideas; and launching bug bounty programs to encourage the security community to discover and report vulnerabilities to enhance system security.
In addition, the SCDO team is very friendly to developers in terms of documentation and technical support, promptly answering questions. Although there is no ICO funding accumulation, SCDO still provides support for ecological projects through community crowdfunding and cooperative resources. Some early contributors, such as technical documentation writers and community administrators, also receive SCDO token rewards as incentives. All these measures aim to lower the entry barrier for developers, attract more talent to participate in SCDO ecological construction, and create a virtuous cycle.
Question 68: What potential application prospects does SCDO have in the real world?
Answer: SCDO's high performance and decentralized characteristics give it a wide range of application potential in the real world. First, in the fintech domain, SCDO can support high-frequency payment clearing, international remittances, and decentralized financial services, providing users with a fast and low-cost transaction experience.
Secondly, in terms of the Internet of Things and DePIN, the SCDO network can connect massive device data on-chain, meeting the concurrency and secure record-keeping needs of IoT data thanks to its sharding expansion capability.
Furthermore, in supply chain management, SCDO can be used for product traceability, anti-counterfeiting, and cross-border trade settlement, with on-chain information being transparent and immutable to enhance trust.
In the cultural and entertainment fields, such as e-sports games and digital copyright, leveraging SCDO's NFT and sub-chain functions can establish reliable virtual goods trading and copyright confirmation platforms. Additionally, in terms of digital identity and government affairs, SCDO's security can be used for identity verification and certificate on-chain, reducing fraudulent behavior. In summary, SCDO has the potential to provide underlying support for any scenario requiring high throughput and secure, trustworthy data exchange. Of course, these applications will require industry collaboration to promote, but SCDO is technically prepared as an infrastructure, and the future prospects are promising.
Question 69: How does SCDO attract developers and users to join the ecosystem?
Answer: SCDO has adopted a multi-faceted strategy to attract developers and users: for developers, it provides a mainstream-compatible development environment (EVM) to lower learning costs; it has launched incentive programs and technical support to motivate developers to try building DApps.
At the same time, by emphasizing a fair history without pre-mining and a strong technical background, trust is gained in the developer community. For users, SCDO focuses on low transaction fees and high speed, with user experience superior to many older chains, which will attract cost-sensitive ordinary users and enterprises.
In addition, the community team actively markets and promotes, including publishing professional articles, participating in blockchain summits, and using social media to popularize the advantages of SCDO, increasing project visibility.
Another point is application-driven: once there are star applications or popular projects launched on SCDO, a large number of users will join the ecosystem. Therefore, SCDO is advancing simultaneously in underlying performance, developer incentives, and market promotion, aiming to create a prosperous open ecosystem that attracts a continuous influx of fresh blood.
