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• The level of the leveling surface = The level of the reference point + the reading

• The level of any point = The level of the leveling surface – the reading

• The reading on the device = The level of the leveling surface – the required level

( The reading is positive if the point whose level is to be found is below the line of sight, and the reading is negative if the point is above the line of sight )

• The total of the times – the total of the precedents = The level of the last point – The level of the first point

• Number of errors = Number of precedents

• Slope ratio = (The vertical interval / The horizontal distance) * 100

• Level of the reference surface: It is a continuous reference surface to which all point levels are referred, assuming that its level is equal to zero (and it is usually the sea level)

• Level of the point: It is the amount of elevation or depression of the point from the reference level or sea level

• The difference in level between two points: It is the amount of height difference between them$BTC