Now let's look at consensus algorithms and the complex issues that developers are trying to solve; we will view this issue through the lens of the Byzantine General’s Problem, or BGP, which assesses these issues from different perspectives. We will also consider the other challenges that different networks face and discuss Crash Fault Tolerance and Byzantine Fault Tolerance and the concept of blockchain.
The most important factor in blockchain is the consensus mechanism. Consensus algorithms provide a way for different components in the system to agree on a single data value without the need for a central authority. Consensus algorithms originate from the study of distributed systems and computer science and have many applications; they play a crucial role in the complex control systems of the Boeing 777 and are used in the Space Dragon spacecraft. And of course, in blockchain technology. In the decentralized finance platform, suppose you send 20 Euros in Germany, but when you travel to South Africa, you can access that 20 Euros even though the country you are visiting has different servers and no central authority, but they must agree that the 20 Euros are available for withdrawal and both servers have identical copies of the data. But is it easy to do this? Not at all. Designing a consensus algorithm for a decentralized system is very complex, and many different issues must be resolved. In 1982, Lamport, Shostak, and Pease pointed out those issues in a scientific journal called the Byzantine General’s Problem, also known as BGP.
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