Ethereum is an open-source blockchain platform and digital currency founded in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin. Ethereum is distinguished by its ability to execute smart contracts, which are self-executing programs that automatically run when certain conditions are met. It also supports decentralized applications (DApps) that have revolutionized areas such as decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Ethereum is considered the second largest cryptocurrency globally after Bitcoin, and it is characterized by its strong network and large developer community. With the Ethereum 2.0 upgrade and its transition to a "Proof of Stake" system, it has become more efficient and sustainable, enhancing its position in the global digital economy.