According to Cointelegraph, European lawmakers are grappling with the challenge of defining 'decentralization' as they prepare to focus on decentralized finance (DeFi) in upcoming crypto policies for 2026. The Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA), the world's first comprehensive regulatory framework for the crypto industry, took effect on December 30, 2024. Its objectives include enhancing investor protection, preventing fraud, and managing stablecoin reserves. However, as MiCA reaches its final implementation phase, policymakers are turning their attention to DeFi, where many questions remain unanswered, according to Vyara Savova, senior policy lead at the European Crypto Initiative (EUCI).
Savova, speaking during Cointelegraph’s Chain Reaction X Spaces show on June 4, highlighted that DeFi protocols are currently in a regulatory gray area. The framework's implementation leaves ambiguity around DeFi protocols, as 'DeFi is theoretically outside the scope of MiCA,' she noted. Savova added that there is uncertainty about what EU policymakers mean by DeFi. Starting around mid-2026, authorities in the European bloc will begin interpreting how to legally define decentralization. The initial MiCA framework faced criticism for its gaps concerning decentralized protocols, as it required DeFi platforms to comply with the same licensing and Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements as traditional financial services firms. However, a provision in the bill, Recital 22, stated that 'fully decentralized' crypto-asset service providers 'should not fall within the scope of this Regulation.'
Despite the final implementation of MiCA at the end of 2024, lawmakers continue to conduct revisions every 12 to 18 months to address potential regulatory gaps. Christine Lagarde, president of the European Central Bank, had previously called for a MiCA II framework, but according to Marina Markezic, executive director and co-founder of EUCI, this is not moving forward. Markezic mentioned that ongoing discussions about stablecoins might lead to targeted legislative updates rather than a complete sequel to MiCA. Meanwhile, the European Union has yet to introduce new Anti-Money Laundering rules that will limit the use of privacy coins and anonymous crypto accounts, with these provisions expected to take effect in 2027.
