Colorectal cancer is a serious and prevalent disease, and while overall cases are decreasing, a troubling trend is emerging: it's on the rise in people under 50. In fact, incidence rates are increasing by about 2% annually in this younger population, with a corresponding 1% rise in the death rate each year.
So why is this happening? While researchers don't have a single answer, experts like Dr. Doug Corley, chief research officer for The Permanente Medical Group, point to a few potential culprits, including increased rates of obesity, lack of exercise, and changes in our gut bacteria.
The Power of Screening: A Critical Tool
The good news is that we have a highly effective tool to combat this trend: screening. The reason overall colorectal cancer rates are falling is because older adults are getting screened. These tests find and remove precancerous polyps before they can become cancerous, drastically reducing the risk of developing the disease.
The American Cancer Society now recommends that people at average risk for colon cancer start screening at 45 years old, a change from the previous recommendation of 50. This shift is critical, and raising awareness about this lower age is more important than ever. Dr. Corley emphasizes just how impactful screening is, noting that timely, regular screenings can decrease the risk of death from colon cancer by about 50%.
Beyond the Colonoscopy: New Screening Options
For many, the idea of a colonoscopy can be daunting. The bowel prep and sedation required can be barriers to getting screened. That's why alternative screening methods are so important.
Kaiser Permanente, for example, has had great success by offering patients a Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT). This non-invasive, at-home test looks for small amounts of blood in the stool. Because it's so convenient, it can increase screening rates, especially among younger people who may not be seeing a doctor regularly for other health issues.
It's important to remember that the FIT screening is not a replacement for a colonoscopy for everyone. A positive FIT test requires a follow-up colonoscopy, and those with a higher risk of colorectal cancer—such as a close family member with the disease—should still opt for a colonoscopy from the start.
Still, offering both options is a game-changer. A recent study co-published by Dr. Corley found that people who had at least one FIT screening within the previous five years were about one-third less likely to die from colorectal cancer.
The takeaway is clear: whether through a colonoscopy or an at-home test like the FIT, getting screened is the most effective way to protect yourself from this deadly disease.
Ready to take control of your health? Talk to your doctor about your risk factors and which screening option is right for you.
